Add custom equation and call counter functions

This module defines a custom power function and a counter function. The custom_equation function calculates a specific mathematical equation, while fn_w_counter tracks how many times it has been called and logs the caller.

Author: Furk4nBulut

Week04/functions_furkan_bulut.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+custom_power = lambda x=0, /, e=1: x ** e
+
+def custom_equation(x: int = 0, y: int = 0, /, a: int = 1, b: int = 1, *, c: int = 1) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate a custom equation based on the parameters provided.
+
+    This function computes the result of the equation:
+    (x^a + y^b) / c, where:
+    - `x` and `y` are the bases for exponentiation.
+    - `a` and `b` are the exponents for `x` and `y`, respectively.
+    - `c` serves as the divisor, which cannot be zero.
+
+    :param x:
+        The base for exponentiation (positional only). Default is 0.
+
+    :param y:
+        The base for exponentiation (positional only). Default is 0.
+
+    :param a:
+        The exponent for `x` (positional or keyword). Default is 1.
+        This defines the power to which `x` is raised.
+
+    :param b:
+        The exponent for `y` (positional or keyword). Default is 1.
+        This defines the power to which `y` is raised.
+
+    :param c:
+        A keyword-only parameter representing the divisor. Default is 1.
+        If set to zero, a division by zero exception is raised.
+
+    :raises ValueError:
+        If `c` is zero, a `ValueError` is raised indicating that division by zero
+        is not allowed.
+
+    :returns:
+        The result of the equation (x^a + y^b) / c.
+        This will return a float value representing the computed result.
+
+    :example:
+
+    #>>> custom_equation(2, 3, a=2, b=2, c=1)
+    13.0
+    #>>> custom_equation(2, 3, a=2, b=2, c=0)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Division by Zero Exception
+    """
+    if c == 0:
+        raise ValueError("Division by Zero Exception")
+
+    return (x ** a + y ** b) / c
+
+def fn_w_counter() -> (int, dict[str, int]):
+    """
+    A function that counts how many times it has been called and tracks callers.
+
+    Each time this function is invoked, it increments a call counter and logs
+    the name of the caller (the module name). This can be useful for debugging
+    purposes or monitoring how frequently this function is used in different
+    parts of the application.
+
+    :returns:
+        A tuple containing:
+        - The total number of times the function has been called across all instances.
+        - A dictionary mapping caller names (module names) to the number of times
+          they have invoked this function.
+
+    :example:
+
+    #>>> fn_w_counter()
+    (1, {'__main__': 1})
+    #>>> fn_w_counter()
+    (2, {'__main__': 2})
+    """
+    if not hasattr(fn_w_counter, 'call_count'):
+        fn_w_counter.call_count = 0
+        fn_w_counter.callers = {}
+    fn_w_counter.call_count += 1
+
+    caller_name = __name__
+
+    if caller_name in fn_w_counter.callers:
+        fn_w_counter.callers[caller_name] += 1
+    else:
+        fn_w_counter.callers[caller_name] = 1
+    return fn_w_counter.call_count, fn_w_counter.callers