From 9c6212ba9a1d140124bfa47946e2ab23cd2ebfa5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Avinash Kumar <avinashbest3@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 2020 14:16:21 +0530
Subject: [PATCH] Modification when shift from windows to linux

---
 1. CppBasics/Addition.cpp                     |  26 +-
 1. CppBasics/AreaofCircle.cpp                 |  28 +-
 1. CppBasics/AreaofTriangle.cpp               |  32 +-
 1. CppBasics/CompoundAssignment.cpp           |  28 +-
 1. CppBasics/HelloWorld.cpp                   |  18 +-
 1. CppBasics/IncDecOperator.cpp               |  44 +-
 1. CppBasics/InputName.cpp                    |  26 +-
 1. CppBasics/Overflow.cpp                     |  48 +-
 1. CppBasics/RootsQuadraticEq.cpp             |  36 +-
 1. CppBasics/Speed.cpp                        |  30 +-
 1. CppBasics/StudentExercise.cpp              |  62 +-
 1. CppBasics/SumofNaturalNo.cpp               |  28 +-
 10. Inheritance/AccessSpecifiers.cpp          |  78 +-
 10. Inheritance/Inheritance.cpp               | 182 ++--
 10. Inheritance/InheritanceConstructor.cpp    |  90 +-
 10. Inheritance/InheritanceExample.cpp        |  80 +-
 10. Inheritance/StudentExercise.cpp           | 118 +--
 10. Inheritance/WaysOfInheritance.cpp         | 104 +-
 11. Polymorphism/Polymorphism.cpp             | 100 +-
 12. FriendAndStaticMember/FriendClass.cpp     |  70 +-
 12. FriendAndStaticMember/FriendFunction.cpp  |  58 +-
 12. FriendAndStaticMember/NestedClass.cpp     |  68 +-
 12. FriendAndStaticMember/StaticMember.cpp    |  56 +-
 2. ConditionalStatements/BillAmount.cpp       |  48 +-
 .../CompoundConditional.cpp                   |  52 +-
 2. ConditionalStatements/DayofWeek.cpp        |  68 +-
 .../DynamicDeclaration.cpp                    |  46 +-
 2. ConditionalStatements/LeapYear.cpp         |  66 +-
 2. ConditionalStatements/MaxAmong2No.cpp      |  42 +-
 2. ConditionalStatements/MaxAmong3No.cpp      |  50 +-
 .../NatureofQuadraticRoot.cpp                 |  58 +-
 2. ConditionalStatements/ShortCircuit.cpp     |  32 +-
 2. ConditionalStatements/SwitchCase.cpp       |  74 +-
 2. ConditionalStatements/Validation.cpp       |  38 +-
 3. Loops/AllLoops.cpp                         |  66 +-
 3. Loops/AmstrongNumber.cpp                   |  60 +-
 3. Loops/Factorial.cpp                        |  38 +-
 3. Loops/Factors.cpp                          |  36 +-
 3. Loops/GCDofNumber.cpp                      |  50 +-
 3. Loops/MultiplicationTable.cpp              |  36 +-
 3. Loops/PalindromeNumber.cpp                 |  60 +-
 3. Loops/PerfectNumber.cpp                    |  60 +-
 3. Loops/PrimeNumber.cpp                      |  70 +-
 3. Loops/ReverseANo.cpp                       |  40 +-
 3. Loops/ReverseDigitofNo.cpp                 |  36 +-
 3. Loops/SumofNaturalNo.cpp                   |  38 +-
 4. Arrays/2D-Arrays.cpp                       |  36 +-
 4. Arrays/AverageofNumbers.cpp                |  42 +-
 4. Arrays/ForEachLoop.cpp                     |  42 +-
 4. Arrays/LinearSearch.cpp                    |  44 +-
 4. Arrays/MatrixAddition.cpp                  |  58 +-
 4. Arrays/MatrixMultiplication.cpp            | 112 +--
 4. Arrays/MaxElement.cpp                      |  40 +-
 4. Arrays/NesteForLoops.cpp                   |  34 +-
 4. Arrays/Pattern1.cpp                        |  52 +-
 4. Arrays/Pattern2.cpp                        |  54 +-
 4. Arrays/Pattern3.cpp                        |  62 +-
 4. Arrays/Pattern4.cpp                        |  70 +-
 4. Arrays/SumofArrayElement.cpp               |  34 +-
 5. Pointers/PointerSyntax.cpp                 |  30 +-
 6. Strings/ChangingCase.cpp                   |  32 +-
 6. Strings/CountVowelConsonant.cpp            |  38 +-
 6. Strings/LengthofString.cpp                 |  44 +-
 6. Strings/Palindrome.cpp                     |  42 +-
 6. Strings/ReadWriteString.cpp                |  70 +-
 6. Strings/StringToInteger.cpp                |  42 +-
 6. Strings/Tokenizing.cpp                     |  34 +-
 6. Strings/UpperCase.cpp                      |  32 +-
 6. Strings/UserNameEmail.cpp                  |  20 +-
 7. Functions/DefaultArgument.cpp              |  26 +-
 7. Functions/FunctionOverloading.cpp          |  50 +-
 7. Functions/FunctionTemplate.cpp             |  32 +-
 7. Functions/LinearSearch.cpp                 |  52 +-
 7. Functions/ReturnAddress.cpp                |  44 +-
 7. Functions/ReturnReference.cpp              |  32 +-
 7. Functions/StaticVariables.cpp              |  32 +-
 7. Functions/Sum.cpp                          |  30 +-
 7. Functions/Swap.cpp                         |  38 +-
 8. IntroductionToOPPs/Constructor.cpp         | 162 ++--
 8. IntroductionToOPPs/DataHiding.cpp          | 138 +--
 8. IntroductionToOPPs/PointerToObject.cpp     |  82 +-
 8. IntroductionToOPPs/Rectangle.cpp           |  72 +-
 8. IntroductionToOPPs/StudentExercise.cpp     | 128 +--
 8. IntroductionToOPPs/ThisPointer.cpp         |  68 +-
 9. OperatorOverloading/ComplexNumber.cpp      |  84 +-
 .../FriendOperatorOverloading.cpp             |  88 +-
 .../InsertionOperatorOverloading.cpp          | 104 +-
 9. OperatorOverloading/RationalNumber.cpp     | 132 +--
 README.md                                     | 888 +++++++++---------
 89 files changed, 2960 insertions(+), 2960 deletions(-)

diff --git a/1. CppBasics/Addition.cpp b/1. CppBasics/Addition.cpp
index 8a52247..932191c 100644
--- a/1. CppBasics/Addition.cpp	
+++ b/1. CppBasics/Addition.cpp	
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    int a, b, c;
-    cout << "Enter 2 Numbers: ";
-    cin >> a >> b; //Input from Console
-
-    c = a + b;
-
-    cout << "Addition = " << c << endl;
-    return 0;
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int a, b, c;
+    cout << "Enter 2 Numbers: ";
+    cin >> a >> b; //Input from Console
+
+    c = a + b;
+
+    cout << "Addition = " << c << endl;
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1. CppBasics/AreaofCircle.cpp b/1. CppBasics/AreaofCircle.cpp
index 114f4dc..9766109 100644
--- a/1. CppBasics/AreaofCircle.cpp	
+++ b/1. CppBasics/AreaofCircle.cpp	
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    float radius, area;
-
-    cout << "Enter Radius: ";
-    cin >> radius;
-    area = 3.1425f * radius * radius;
-
-    cout << "Area is " << area;
-
-    return 0;
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    float radius, area;
+
+    cout << "Enter Radius: ";
+    cin >> radius;
+    area = 3.1425f * radius * radius;
+
+    cout << "Area is " << area;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1. CppBasics/AreaofTriangle.cpp b/1. CppBasics/AreaofTriangle.cpp
index 63405ba..7dc8e59 100644
--- a/1. CppBasics/AreaofTriangle.cpp	
+++ b/1. CppBasics/AreaofTriangle.cpp	
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    //Variables
-    float area, height, base;
-    //Taking User Input
-    cout << "Enter Base & Height Respectively: ";
-    cin >> base >> height;
-    //Calculating Area of Triangle
-    area = (base * height) / 2;
-    //Printing Area to the console
-    cout << area << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    //Variables
+    float area, height, base;
+    //Taking User Input
+    cout << "Enter Base & Height Respectively: ";
+    cin >> base >> height;
+    //Calculating Area of Triangle
+    area = (base * height) / 2;
+    //Printing Area to the console
+    cout << area << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1. CppBasics/CompoundAssignment.cpp b/1. CppBasics/CompoundAssignment.cpp
index 4b6239d..766189a 100644
--- a/1. CppBasics/CompoundAssignment.cpp	
+++ b/1. CppBasics/CompoundAssignment.cpp	
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main()
-{
-    int sum = 10, x = 5;
-    sum += x;
-    cout << sum << endl;
-
-    int fact = 10, y = 5;
-    fact *= y;
-    cout << fact << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main()
+{
+    int sum = 10, x = 5;
+    sum += x;
+    cout << sum << endl;
+
+    int fact = 10, y = 5;
+    fact *= y;
+    cout << fact << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1. CppBasics/HelloWorld.cpp b/1. CppBasics/HelloWorld.cpp
index a9c4915..2bd71bd 100644
--- a/1. CppBasics/HelloWorld.cpp	
+++ b/1. CppBasics/HelloWorld.cpp	
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-#include <iostream>  //Preprocessor Directive
-using namespace std; //Global Namespace
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    cout << "Hello World" << endl; //Output to Console
-    //  cin << Insertion Operator
-    // cout >> Extraction Operator
-    return 0;
+#include <iostream>  //Preprocessor Directive
+using namespace std; //Global Namespace
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    cout << "Hello World" << endl; //Output to Console
+    //  cin << Insertion Operator
+    // cout >> Extraction Operator
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1. CppBasics/IncDecOperator.cpp b/1. CppBasics/IncDecOperator.cpp
index 66155b1..330fdc4 100644
--- a/1. CppBasics/IncDecOperator.cpp	
+++ b/1. CppBasics/IncDecOperator.cpp	
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main()
-{
-    int i = 5, j;
-    j = i++;
-    cout << j << " " << i << endl;
-
-    int k = 5, l;
-    l = ++k;
-    cout << l << " " << k << endl;
-
-    int a = 5, b;
-    b = 2 * ++a + 2 * a++;
-    cout << b << " " << a << endl;
-
-    int c = 5, d;
-    d = 2 * c++ + 2 * c++;
-    cout << d << " " << c << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main()
+{
+    int i = 5, j;
+    j = i++;
+    cout << j << " " << i << endl;
+
+    int k = 5, l;
+    l = ++k;
+    cout << l << " " << k << endl;
+
+    int a = 5, b;
+    b = 2 * ++a + 2 * a++;
+    cout << b << " " << a << endl;
+
+    int c = 5, d;
+    d = 2 * c++ + 2 * c++;
+    cout << d << " " << c << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1. CppBasics/InputName.cpp b/1. CppBasics/InputName.cpp
index 09768cd..1e58115 100644
--- a/1. CppBasics/InputName.cpp	
+++ b/1. CppBasics/InputName.cpp	
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-#include <iostream>
-#include <string>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    string name;
-    cout << "May I know Your Name ?" << endl;
-    getline(cin, name); //cin>>name;
-
-    cout << "Welcome! " << name << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    string name;
+    cout << "May I know Your Name ?" << endl;
+    getline(cin, name); //cin>>name;
+
+    cout << "Welcome! " << name << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1. CppBasics/Overflow.cpp b/1. CppBasics/Overflow.cpp
index 6d6540b..c66828a 100644
--- a/1. CppBasics/Overflow.cpp	
+++ b/1. CppBasics/Overflow.cpp	
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main()
-{
-    char a = 128;
-    cout << (int)a << endl;
-
-    char b = 127;
-    b++;
-    cout << (int)b << endl;
-
-    char c = -129;
-    cout << (int)c << endl;
-
-    char d = -128;
-    d--;
-    cout << (int)d << endl;
-
-    int e = INT_MAX;
-    e++;
-    cout << (int)e << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main()
+{
+    char a = 128;
+    cout << (int)a << endl;
+
+    char b = 127;
+    b++;
+    cout << (int)b << endl;
+
+    char c = -129;
+    cout << (int)c << endl;
+
+    char d = -128;
+    d--;
+    cout << (int)d << endl;
+
+    int e = INT_MAX;
+    e++;
+    cout << (int)e << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1. CppBasics/RootsQuadraticEq.cpp b/1. CppBasics/RootsQuadraticEq.cpp
index 0e2c984..815497f 100644
--- a/1. CppBasics/RootsQuadraticEq.cpp	
+++ b/1. CppBasics/RootsQuadraticEq.cpp	
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-#include <iostream>
-#include <cmath>
-using namespace std;
-//Finding the root of a Quadratic Equation
-int main(void)
-{
-    float a, b, c, x1, x2;
-
-    cout << "Enter the coefficients of x^2, x and constant terms respectively: ";
-    cin >> a >> b >> c;
-
-    x1 = (-b + sqrt((b * b) - (4 * a * c))) / (2 * a);
-    x1 = (-b - sqrt((b * b) - (4 * a * c))) / (2 * a);
-
-    cout << "\nRoots are:\n"
-         << "x1 = " << x1 << " x2 = " << x2 << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cmath>
+using namespace std;
+//Finding the root of a Quadratic Equation
+int main(void)
+{
+    float a, b, c, x1, x2;
+
+    cout << "Enter the coefficients of x^2, x and constant terms respectively: ";
+    cin >> a >> b >> c;
+
+    x1 = (-b + sqrt((b * b) - (4 * a * c))) / (2 * a);
+    x1 = (-b - sqrt((b * b) - (4 * a * c))) / (2 * a);
+
+    cout << "\nRoots are:\n"
+         << "x1 = " << x1 << " x2 = " << x2 << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1. CppBasics/Speed.cpp b/1. CppBasics/Speed.cpp
index eae07b9..5d0b137 100644
--- a/1. CppBasics/Speed.cpp	
+++ b/1. CppBasics/Speed.cpp	
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    float u, v, a; //initial_velocity, final_velocity, acceleration
-    cout << "Enter Values: ";
-    cin >> u >> v >> a;
-
-    //Calculating speed using formula
-    int speed = ((v * v) - (u * u)) / (2 * a);
-
-    cout << "Speed = " << speed << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    float u, v, a; //initial_velocity, final_velocity, acceleration
+    cout << "Enter Values: ";
+    cin >> u >> v >> a;
+
+    //Calculating speed using formula
+    int speed = ((v * v) - (u * u)) / (2 * a);
+
+    cout << "Speed = " << speed << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1. CppBasics/StudentExercise.cpp b/1. CppBasics/StudentExercise.cpp
index 787cb34..4887bab 100644
--- a/1. CppBasics/StudentExercise.cpp	
+++ b/1. CppBasics/StudentExercise.cpp	
@@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
-/*
-Write a program to calculate Net Salary Program should take following as input:
-1. Basic Salary
-2. Percentage of Allowances
-3. Percentage of Deductions
-*/
-
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    float basic;
-    float percentAllow;
-    float percentDeduct;
-    float netSalary;
-
-    cout << "Enter Basic Salary: ";
-    cin >> basic;
-    cout << "Enter percent of Allowances: ";
-    cin >> percentAllow;
-    cout << "Enter percent of Deductions: ";
-    cin >> percentDeduct;
-
-    netSalary = basic + basic * percentAllow / 100 - basic * percentDeduct / 100;
-
-    cout << "Net Salary is: " << netSalary << endl;
-
-    return 0;
-}
-// Date: 09 Nov 2020
+/*
+Write a program to calculate Net Salary Program should take following as input:
+1. Basic Salary
+2. Percentage of Allowances
+3. Percentage of Deductions
+*/
+
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    float basic;
+    float percentAllow;
+    float percentDeduct;
+    float netSalary;
+
+    cout << "Enter Basic Salary: ";
+    cin >> basic;
+    cout << "Enter percent of Allowances: ";
+    cin >> percentAllow;
+    cout << "Enter percent of Deductions: ";
+    cin >> percentDeduct;
+
+    netSalary = basic + basic * percentAllow / 100 - basic * percentDeduct / 100;
+
+    cout << "Net Salary is: " << netSalary << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+// Date: 09 Nov 2020
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1. CppBasics/SumofNaturalNo.cpp b/1. CppBasics/SumofNaturalNo.cpp
index 3340726..c2acf82 100644
--- a/1. CppBasics/SumofNaturalNo.cpp	
+++ b/1. CppBasics/SumofNaturalNo.cpp	
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Calculating the sum of N natural Number
-int main(void)
-{
-    int lastIndex, sum;
-
-    cout << "Enter the last index: ";
-    cin >> lastIndex;
-    //Calculating the sum using mathematical formula
-    sum = (lastIndex * (lastIndex + 1)) / 2;
-
-    cout << "Sum of " << lastIndex << " Natural Numbers is " << sum << endl;
-    return 0;
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Calculating the sum of N natural Number
+int main(void)
+{
+    int lastIndex, sum;
+
+    cout << "Enter the last index: ";
+    cin >> lastIndex;
+    //Calculating the sum using mathematical formula
+    sum = (lastIndex * (lastIndex + 1)) / 2;
+
+    cout << "Sum of " << lastIndex << " Natural Numbers is " << sum << endl;
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/10. Inheritance/AccessSpecifiers.cpp b/10. Inheritance/AccessSpecifiers.cpp
index c44c7fe..c99e3ba 100644
--- a/10. Inheritance/AccessSpecifiers.cpp	
+++ b/10. Inheritance/AccessSpecifiers.cpp	
@@ -1,40 +1,40 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-class Base
-{
-private:
-    int a;
-
-protected:
-    int b;
-
-public:
-    int c;
-    void funBase()
-    {
-        a = 10; //Accessable
-        b = 5;  //Accessable
-        c = 15; //Accessable
-    }
-};
-
-class Derived : public Base
-{
-public:
-    void funDerived()
-    {
-        a = 10; //Cannot Accessable
-        b = 5;  //Accessable
-        c = 15; //Accessable
-    }
-};
-
-int main()
-{
-    Base b;
-    b.a = 10;
-    b.b = 5;
-    b.c = 20;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+class Base
+{
+private:
+    int a;
+
+protected:
+    int b;
+
+public:
+    int c;
+    void funBase()
+    {
+        a = 10; //Accessable
+        b = 5;  //Accessable
+        c = 15; //Accessable
+    }
+};
+
+class Derived : public Base
+{
+public:
+    void funDerived()
+    {
+        a = 10; //Cannot Accessable
+        b = 5;  //Accessable
+        c = 15; //Accessable
+    }
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+    Base b;
+    b.a = 10;
+    b.b = 5;
+    b.c = 20;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/10. Inheritance/Inheritance.cpp b/10. Inheritance/Inheritance.cpp
index f2a8cc4..6135096 100644
--- a/10. Inheritance/Inheritance.cpp	
+++ b/10. Inheritance/Inheritance.cpp	
@@ -1,92 +1,92 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Program to demonstrate Inheritance of cuboid from Rectangle class
-
-//Base Class
-class Rectangle
-{
-private:
-    int length;
-    int breadth;
-
-public:
-    //Mutators or Setters
-    void setLength(int l)
-    {
-        if (l > 0)
-        {
-            length = l;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            length = 0;
-        }
-    }
-    void setBreadth(int b)
-    {
-        if (b > 0)
-        {
-            breadth = b;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            breadth = 0;
-        }
-    }
-    //Accessors or Getters
-    int getLength()
-    {
-        return length;
-    }
-    int getBreadth()
-    {
-        return breadth;
-    }
-    //Function to calculate area of rectangle
-    int area()
-    {
-        return (length * breadth);
-    }
-    //Function to calculate perimeter of rectangle
-    int perimeter()
-    {
-        return (2 * (length + breadth));
-    }
-};
-//Derived Class
-class Cuboid : public Rectangle
-{
-private:
-    int height;
-
-public:
-    Cuboid(int l = 0, int b = 0, int h = 0)
-    {
-        setLength(l);
-        setBreadth(b);
-        height = h;
-    }
-    int getHeight()
-    {
-        return height;
-    }
-    void setHeight(int h)
-    {
-        height = h;
-    }
-    int volume()
-    {
-        return (getLength() * getBreadth() * height);
-    }
-};
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    Cuboid c(10, 5, 3);
-    cout << c.getLength() << " " << c.getBreadth() << " " << c.getHeight();
-    cout << "Volume = " << c.volume() << endl;
-    cout << "Area = " << c.area() << endl;
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Program to demonstrate Inheritance of cuboid from Rectangle class
+
+//Base Class
+class Rectangle
+{
+private:
+    int length;
+    int breadth;
+
+public:
+    //Mutators or Setters
+    void setLength(int l)
+    {
+        if (l > 0)
+        {
+            length = l;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            length = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    void setBreadth(int b)
+    {
+        if (b > 0)
+        {
+            breadth = b;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            breadth = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    //Accessors or Getters
+    int getLength()
+    {
+        return length;
+    }
+    int getBreadth()
+    {
+        return breadth;
+    }
+    //Function to calculate area of rectangle
+    int area()
+    {
+        return (length * breadth);
+    }
+    //Function to calculate perimeter of rectangle
+    int perimeter()
+    {
+        return (2 * (length + breadth));
+    }
+};
+//Derived Class
+class Cuboid : public Rectangle
+{
+private:
+    int height;
+
+public:
+    Cuboid(int l = 0, int b = 0, int h = 0)
+    {
+        setLength(l);
+        setBreadth(b);
+        height = h;
+    }
+    int getHeight()
+    {
+        return height;
+    }
+    void setHeight(int h)
+    {
+        height = h;
+    }
+    int volume()
+    {
+        return (getLength() * getBreadth() * height);
+    }
+};
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    Cuboid c(10, 5, 3);
+    cout << c.getLength() << " " << c.getBreadth() << " " << c.getHeight();
+    cout << "Volume = " << c.volume() << endl;
+    cout << "Area = " << c.area() << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/10. Inheritance/InheritanceConstructor.cpp b/10. Inheritance/InheritanceConstructor.cpp
index bec5cef..521227e 100644
--- a/10. Inheritance/InheritanceConstructor.cpp	
+++ b/10. Inheritance/InheritanceConstructor.cpp	
@@ -1,46 +1,46 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Program to demonstrate Constructor in Inheritance
-
-//Parent class
-class Base
-{
-public:
-    Base()
-    {
-        cout << "Default of Base" << endl;
-    }
-    Base(int x)
-    {
-        cout << "Parameterized of Base " << x << endl;
-    }
-};
-//Child class
-class Derived : public Base
-{
-public:
-    Derived()
-    {
-        cout << "Default of Derived" << endl;
-    }
-    Derived(int a)
-    {
-        cout << "Parameterized of Derived " << a << endl;
-    }
-    Derived(int x, int a) : Base(x)
-    {
-        cout << "Parameterized of Derived " << a << endl;
-    }
-};
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    Derived d1;
-    cout << endl;
-    Derived d2(10);
-    cout << endl;
-    Derived d3(20, 10);
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Program to demonstrate Constructor in Inheritance
+
+//Parent class
+class Base
+{
+public:
+    Base()
+    {
+        cout << "Default of Base" << endl;
+    }
+    Base(int x)
+    {
+        cout << "Parameterized of Base " << x << endl;
+    }
+};
+//Child class
+class Derived : public Base
+{
+public:
+    Derived()
+    {
+        cout << "Default of Derived" << endl;
+    }
+    Derived(int a)
+    {
+        cout << "Parameterized of Derived " << a << endl;
+    }
+    Derived(int x, int a) : Base(x)
+    {
+        cout << "Parameterized of Derived " << a << endl;
+    }
+};
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    Derived d1;
+    cout << endl;
+    Derived d2(10);
+    cout << endl;
+    Derived d3(20, 10);
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/10. Inheritance/InheritanceExample.cpp b/10. Inheritance/InheritanceExample.cpp
index 7635c4e..6d2a154 100644
--- a/10. Inheritance/InheritanceExample.cpp	
+++ b/10. Inheritance/InheritanceExample.cpp	
@@ -1,41 +1,41 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-class Base
-{
-
-public:
-    int x;
-    void show()
-    {
-        cout << "Base Class:" << endl;
-        cout << x << endl;
-    }
-};
-
-class Derived : public Base
-{
-public:
-    int y;
-    void display()
-    {
-        cout << "Derived Class:" << endl;
-        cout << x << " " << y << endl;
-    }
-};
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    Base b;
-    b.x = 25;
-    b.show();
-
-    Derived d;
-    d.x = 10;
-    d.y = 15;
-    d.show();
-    d.display();
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+class Base
+{
+
+public:
+    int x;
+    void show()
+    {
+        cout << "Base Class:" << endl;
+        cout << x << endl;
+    }
+};
+
+class Derived : public Base
+{
+public:
+    int y;
+    void display()
+    {
+        cout << "Derived Class:" << endl;
+        cout << x << " " << y << endl;
+    }
+};
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    Base b;
+    b.x = 25;
+    b.show();
+
+    Derived d;
+    d.x = 10;
+    d.y = 15;
+    d.show();
+    d.display();
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/10. Inheritance/StudentExercise.cpp b/10. Inheritance/StudentExercise.cpp
index fceb6ea..84b8e82 100644
--- a/10. Inheritance/StudentExercise.cpp	
+++ b/10. Inheritance/StudentExercise.cpp	
@@ -1,60 +1,60 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-/*Write a class for Employee
-Derived classes
-1. Full time Employee with Salary
-2. Part Time Employee with Daily wages
-Write required Methods*/
-class Employee
-{
-private:
-    int eid;
-    string name;
-
-public:
-    Employee(int e, string n)
-    {
-        eid = e;
-        name = n;
-    }
-    int getEmployeeID() { return eid; }
-    string getName() { return name; }
-};
-
-class FullTimeEmployee : public Employee
-{
-private:
-    int salary;
-
-public:
-    FullTimeEmployee(int e, string n, int sal) : Employee(e, n)
-    {
-        salary = sal;
-    }
-    int getSalary() { return salary; }
-};
-
-class PartTimeEmployee : public Employee
-{
-private:
-    int wage;
-
-public:
-    PartTimeEmployee(int e, string n, int w) : Employee(e, n)
-    {
-        wage = w;
-    }
-    int getWage() { return wage; }
-};
-
-int main()
-{
-    PartTimeEmployee p1(1, "John", 300);
-    FullTimeEmployee p2(2, "Raj", 5000);
-
-    cout << "Salary of " << p2.getName() << " is " << p2.getSalary() << endl;
-    cout << "Daily wage of " << p1.getName() << " is " << p1.getWage() << endl;
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+/*Write a class for Employee
+Derived classes
+1. Full time Employee with Salary
+2. Part Time Employee with Daily wages
+Write required Methods*/
+class Employee
+{
+private:
+    int eid;
+    string name;
+
+public:
+    Employee(int e, string n)
+    {
+        eid = e;
+        name = n;
+    }
+    int getEmployeeID() { return eid; }
+    string getName() { return name; }
+};
+
+class FullTimeEmployee : public Employee
+{
+private:
+    int salary;
+
+public:
+    FullTimeEmployee(int e, string n, int sal) : Employee(e, n)
+    {
+        salary = sal;
+    }
+    int getSalary() { return salary; }
+};
+
+class PartTimeEmployee : public Employee
+{
+private:
+    int wage;
+
+public:
+    PartTimeEmployee(int e, string n, int w) : Employee(e, n)
+    {
+        wage = w;
+    }
+    int getWage() { return wage; }
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+    PartTimeEmployee p1(1, "John", 300);
+    FullTimeEmployee p2(2, "Raj", 5000);
+
+    cout << "Salary of " << p2.getName() << " is " << p2.getSalary() << endl;
+    cout << "Daily wage of " << p1.getName() << " is " << p1.getWage() << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
 //Code By: Avinash Kumar
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/10. Inheritance/WaysOfInheritance.cpp b/10. Inheritance/WaysOfInheritance.cpp
index 2e99837..e18a590 100644
--- a/10. Inheritance/WaysOfInheritance.cpp	
+++ b/10. Inheritance/WaysOfInheritance.cpp	
@@ -1,53 +1,53 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-class Parent
-{
-private:
-    int a;
-
-protected:
-    int b;
-
-public:
-    int c;
-    void funParent()
-    {
-        a = 10;
-        b = 5;
-        c = 15;
-    }
-};
-
-class Child : private Parent
-{
-private:
-protected:
-public:
-    void funChild()
-    {
-        //a=10;
-        b = 5;
-        c = 15;
-    }
-};
-
-class GrandChild : public Child
-{
-public:
-    void funGrandChild()
-    {
-        //a=10;
-        //b=5;
-        //c=20;
-    }
-};
-
-int main()
-{
-    // Child c;
-    //c.a=10;
-    //c.b=5;
-    //c.c=20;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+class Parent
+{
+private:
+    int a;
+
+protected:
+    int b;
+
+public:
+    int c;
+    void funParent()
+    {
+        a = 10;
+        b = 5;
+        c = 15;
+    }
+};
+
+class Child : private Parent
+{
+private:
+protected:
+public:
+    void funChild()
+    {
+        //a=10;
+        b = 5;
+        c = 15;
+    }
+};
+
+class GrandChild : public Child
+{
+public:
+    void funGrandChild()
+    {
+        //a=10;
+        //b=5;
+        //c=20;
+    }
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+    // Child c;
+    //c.a=10;
+    //c.b=5;
+    //c.c=20;
+}
 //Code By: Avinash Kumar
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/11. Polymorphism/Polymorphism.cpp b/11. Polymorphism/Polymorphism.cpp
index c01e449..c89cf13 100644
--- a/11. Polymorphism/Polymorphism.cpp	
+++ b/11. Polymorphism/Polymorphism.cpp	
@@ -1,51 +1,51 @@
-/* Write classes to Demonstrate Polymorphism
-Base class shape
-Derived classes
-1. Rectangle
-2. Circle */
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-class Shape
-{
-public:
-    virtual float area() = 0;
-    virtual float perimeter() = 0;
-};
-
-class Rectangle : public Shape
-{
-private:
-    float length;
-    float breadth;
-
-public:
-    Rectangle(int l = 1, int b = 1)
-    {
-        length = 1;
-        breadth = b;
-    }
-    float area() { return length * breadth; }
-    float perimeter() { return 2 * (length + breadth); }
-};
-
-class Circle : public Shape
-{
-private:
-    float radius;
-
-public:
-    Circle(float r) { radius = r; }
-    float area() { return 3.1425 * radius * radius; }
-    float perimeter() { return 2 * 3.1425 * radius; }
-};
-
-int main()
-{
-    Shape *s = new Rectangle(10, 5);
-    cout << "Area of Rectangle " << s->area() << endl;
-    cout << "Perimeter of Rectangle " << s->perimeter() << endl;
-    s = new Circle(10);
-    cout << "Area of Circle " << s->area() << endl;
-    cout << "Perimeter of Circle " << s->perimeter() << endl;
+/* Write classes to Demonstrate Polymorphism
+Base class shape
+Derived classes
+1. Rectangle
+2. Circle */
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+class Shape
+{
+public:
+    virtual float area() = 0;
+    virtual float perimeter() = 0;
+};
+
+class Rectangle : public Shape
+{
+private:
+    float length;
+    float breadth;
+
+public:
+    Rectangle(int l = 1, int b = 1)
+    {
+        length = 1;
+        breadth = b;
+    }
+    float area() { return length * breadth; }
+    float perimeter() { return 2 * (length + breadth); }
+};
+
+class Circle : public Shape
+{
+private:
+    float radius;
+
+public:
+    Circle(float r) { radius = r; }
+    float area() { return 3.1425 * radius * radius; }
+    float perimeter() { return 2 * 3.1425 * radius; }
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+    Shape *s = new Rectangle(10, 5);
+    cout << "Area of Rectangle " << s->area() << endl;
+    cout << "Perimeter of Rectangle " << s->perimeter() << endl;
+    s = new Circle(10);
+    cout << "Area of Circle " << s->area() << endl;
+    cout << "Perimeter of Circle " << s->perimeter() << endl;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/12. FriendAndStaticMember/FriendClass.cpp b/12. FriendAndStaticMember/FriendClass.cpp
index fe074c5..b714a20 100644
--- a/12. FriendAndStaticMember/FriendClass.cpp	
+++ b/12. FriendAndStaticMember/FriendClass.cpp	
@@ -1,36 +1,36 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-class Your; //Class Your Declaration
-
-class My
-{
-private:
-    int a;
-
-protected:
-    int b;
-
-public:
-    int c;
-    friend Your;
-};
-
-class Your
-{
-public:
-    My m;
-    void fun()
-    {
-        m.a = 10;
-        m.b = 10;
-        m.c = 10;
-    }
-};
-
-int main(void)
-{
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+class Your; //Class Your Declaration
+
+class My
+{
+private:
+    int a;
+
+protected:
+    int b;
+
+public:
+    int c;
+    friend Your;
+};
+
+class Your
+{
+public:
+    My m;
+    void fun()
+    {
+        m.a = 10;
+        m.b = 10;
+        m.c = 10;
+    }
+};
+
+int main(void)
+{
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/12. FriendAndStaticMember/FriendFunction.cpp b/12. FriendAndStaticMember/FriendFunction.cpp
index f0cd7ec..7e30904 100644
--- a/12. FriendAndStaticMember/FriendFunction.cpp	
+++ b/12. FriendAndStaticMember/FriendFunction.cpp	
@@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-class Test
-{
-private:
-    int a;
-
-protected:
-    int b;
-
-public:
-    int c;
-    friend void fun();
-};
-
-void fun()
-{
-    Test t;
-    t.a = 10;
-    t.b = 15;
-    t.c = 9;
-}
-
-int main(void)
-{
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+class Test
+{
+private:
+    int a;
+
+protected:
+    int b;
+
+public:
+    int c;
+    friend void fun();
+};
+
+void fun()
+{
+    Test t;
+    t.a = 10;
+    t.b = 15;
+    t.c = 9;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/12. FriendAndStaticMember/NestedClass.cpp b/12. FriendAndStaticMember/NestedClass.cpp
index 72e3b6b..54f6891 100644
--- a/12. FriendAndStaticMember/NestedClass.cpp	
+++ b/12. FriendAndStaticMember/NestedClass.cpp	
@@ -1,35 +1,35 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Used in Linked List
-class Outer
-{
-public:
-    int a = 10;
-    static int b;
-    void fun()
-    {
-        i.show();
-        cout << i.x << endl;
-    }
-    class Inner
-    {
-    public:
-        int x = 25;
-        void show()
-        {
-            /*
-            cout << a << endl; //Not Allowed
-            cout << b << endl; //Allowed
-            */
-            cout << "Show of Inner" << endl;
-        }
-    };
-    Inner i;
-};
-
-int main(void)
-{
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Used in Linked List
+class Outer
+{
+public:
+    int a = 10;
+    static int b;
+    void fun()
+    {
+        i.show();
+        cout << i.x << endl;
+    }
+    class Inner
+    {
+    public:
+        int x = 25;
+        void show()
+        {
+            /*
+            cout << a << endl; //Not Allowed
+            cout << b << endl; //Allowed
+            */
+            cout << "Show of Inner" << endl;
+        }
+    };
+    Inner i;
+};
+
+int main(void)
+{
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/12. FriendAndStaticMember/StaticMember.cpp b/12. FriendAndStaticMember/StaticMember.cpp
index 2b532e1..f42a0c0 100644
--- a/12. FriendAndStaticMember/StaticMember.cpp	
+++ b/12. FriendAndStaticMember/StaticMember.cpp	
@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-class Test
-{
-public:
-    int a;
-    static int count; //Static member variable Declaration
-    Test()
-    {
-        a = 10;
-        count++;
-    }
-    static int getCount() //Static Member Function
-    {
-        /*a++; //Not Accessable*/
-        return count;
-    }
-};
-
-int Test::count = 0; //Initialization
-
-int main()
-{
-    Test t1, t2;
-    cout << Test::getCount() << endl; //Access upon class name
-    cout << t1.getCount() << endl;    //Access upon object
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+class Test
+{
+public:
+    int a;
+    static int count; //Static member variable Declaration
+    Test()
+    {
+        a = 10;
+        count++;
+    }
+    static int getCount() //Static Member Function
+    {
+        /*a++; //Not Accessable*/
+        return count;
+    }
+};
+
+int Test::count = 0; //Initialization
+
+int main()
+{
+    Test t1, t2;
+    cout << Test::getCount() << endl; //Access upon class name
+    cout << t1.getCount() << endl;    //Access upon object
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2. ConditionalStatements/BillAmount.cpp b/2. ConditionalStatements/BillAmount.cpp
index 204f91a..64c8a1c 100644
--- a/2. ConditionalStatements/BillAmount.cpp	
+++ b/2. ConditionalStatements/BillAmount.cpp	
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
-// Program to Calculate Discounted Bill Amount
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-int main()
-{
-    float billAmount;
-    float discount = 0.0;
-    cout << "Enter Bill Amount:";
-    cin >> billAmount;
-
-    if (billAmount >= 500)
-    {
-        discount = billAmount * 20 / 100;
-    }
-    else if (billAmount >= 100 && billAmount < 500)
-    {
-        discount = billAmount * 10 / 100;
-    }
-
-    cout << "Bill Amount is:" << billAmount << endl;
-    cout << "Discount is :" << discount << endl;
-    cout << "Discounted Amount is:" << billAmountdiscount << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to Calculate Discounted Bill Amount
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+int main()
+{
+    float billAmount;
+    float discount = 0.0;
+    cout << "Enter Bill Amount:";
+    cin >> billAmount;
+
+    if (billAmount >= 500)
+    {
+        discount = billAmount * 20 / 100;
+    }
+    else if (billAmount >= 100 && billAmount < 500)
+    {
+        discount = billAmount * 10 / 100;
+    }
+
+    cout << "Bill Amount is:" << billAmount << endl;
+    cout << "Discount is :" << discount << endl;
+    cout << "Discounted Amount is:" << billAmountdiscount << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2. ConditionalStatements/CompoundConditional.cpp b/2. ConditionalStatements/CompoundConditional.cpp
index a5eb592..7e56ede 100644
--- a/2. ConditionalStatements/CompoundConditional.cpp	
+++ b/2. ConditionalStatements/CompoundConditional.cpp	
@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
-// Program to Demonstrate Compound Conditional Statement
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-int main()
-{
-    int age;
-    cout << "Enter your age: " << endl;
-    cin >> age;
-    if (age >= 12 && age <= 50)
-    {
-        cout << "Young" << endl;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        cout << "Not Young" << endl;
-    }
-    if (age < 12 || age > 50)
-    {
-        cout << "Eligible for the offer" << endl;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        cout << "Not eligible for the offer" << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to Demonstrate Compound Conditional Statement
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+int main()
+{
+    int age;
+    cout << "Enter your age: " << endl;
+    cin >> age;
+    if (age >= 12 && age <= 50)
+    {
+        cout << "Young" << endl;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        cout << "Not Young" << endl;
+    }
+    if (age < 12 || age > 50)
+    {
+        cout << "Eligible for the offer" << endl;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        cout << "Not eligible for the offer" << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2. ConditionalStatements/DayofWeek.cpp b/2. ConditionalStatements/DayofWeek.cpp
index 333ece0..261863f 100644
--- a/2. ConditionalStatements/DayofWeek.cpp	
+++ b/2. ConditionalStatements/DayofWeek.cpp	
@@ -1,35 +1,35 @@
-// Menu Driven Program using Switch Case
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-int main()
-{
-    cout << "Menu" << endl;
-    cout << "1. Add\n"
-         << "2. Sub\n"
-         << "3. Mul\n"
-         << "4. Div\n";
-    int option;
-    cout << "Enter your choice no." << endl;
-    cin >> option;
-    int a, b, c;
-    cout << "Enter two numbers" << endl;
-    cin >> a >> b;
-    switch (option)
-    {
-    case 1:
-        c = a + b;
-        break;
-    case 2:
-        c = a - b;
-        break;
-    case 3:
-        c = a * b;
-        break;
-    case 4:
-        c = a / b;
-        break;
-    }
-    cout << c << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+// Menu Driven Program using Switch Case
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+int main()
+{
+    cout << "Menu" << endl;
+    cout << "1. Add\n"
+         << "2. Sub\n"
+         << "3. Mul\n"
+         << "4. Div\n";
+    int option;
+    cout << "Enter your choice no." << endl;
+    cin >> option;
+    int a, b, c;
+    cout << "Enter two numbers" << endl;
+    cin >> a >> b;
+    switch (option)
+    {
+    case 1:
+        c = a + b;
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        c = a - b;
+        break;
+    case 3:
+        c = a * b;
+        break;
+    case 4:
+        c = a / b;
+        break;
+    }
+    cout << c << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2. ConditionalStatements/DynamicDeclaration.cpp b/2. ConditionalStatements/DynamicDeclaration.cpp
index 8cfd804..511070b 100644
--- a/2. ConditionalStatements/DynamicDeclaration.cpp	
+++ b/2. ConditionalStatements/DynamicDeclaration.cpp	
@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
-// Dynamic Declaration
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-int main()
-{
-    int a = 10, b = 5;
-    if (true)
-    {
-        int c = a + b;
-        cout << c << endl;
-    }
-    {
-        //Variable go out of scope.
-        int d = a - b;
-        if (true)
-        {
-            cout << d << endl;
-        }
-    }
-    if (int e = a * b)
-    {
-        cout << e << endl;
-    }
+// Dynamic Declaration
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+int main()
+{
+    int a = 10, b = 5;
+    if (true)
+    {
+        int c = a + b;
+        cout << c << endl;
+    }
+    {
+        //Variable go out of scope.
+        int d = a - b;
+        if (true)
+        {
+            cout << d << endl;
+        }
+    }
+    if (int e = a * b)
+    {
+        cout << e << endl;
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2. ConditionalStatements/LeapYear.cpp b/2. ConditionalStatements/LeapYear.cpp
index d6a04bc..6c8dfbb 100644
--- a/2. ConditionalStatements/LeapYear.cpp	
+++ b/2. ConditionalStatements/LeapYear.cpp	
@@ -1,34 +1,34 @@
-// Program to to check if its a Leap Year
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-int main()
-{
-    int year;
-    cout << "Enter a year: ";
-    cin >> year;
-
-    if (year % 4 == 0)
-    {
-        if (year % 100 == 0)
-        {
-            if (year % 400 == 0)
-            {
-                cout << year << " is a leap year.";
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                cout << year << " is not a leap year.";
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            cout << year << " is a leap year.";
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        cout << year << " is not a leap year.";
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to to check if its a Leap Year
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+int main()
+{
+    int year;
+    cout << "Enter a year: ";
+    cin >> year;
+
+    if (year % 4 == 0)
+    {
+        if (year % 100 == 0)
+        {
+            if (year % 400 == 0)
+            {
+                cout << year << " is a leap year.";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                cout << year << " is not a leap year.";
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            cout << year << " is a leap year.";
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        cout << year << " is not a leap year.";
+    }
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2. ConditionalStatements/MaxAmong2No.cpp b/2. ConditionalStatements/MaxAmong2No.cpp
index a8a9880..66ecf32 100644
--- a/2. ConditionalStatements/MaxAmong2No.cpp	
+++ b/2. ConditionalStatements/MaxAmong2No.cpp	
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-// Program to find maximum among 2 numbers
-int main(void)
-{
-    int x, y;
-
-    cout << "Enter 2 Numbers: ";
-    cin >> x >> y;
-
-    if (x > y)
-    {
-        cout << "Max is " << x << endl;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        cout << "Max is " << y << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+// Program to find maximum among 2 numbers
+int main(void)
+{
+    int x, y;
+
+    cout << "Enter 2 Numbers: ";
+    cin >> x >> y;
+
+    if (x > y)
+    {
+        cout << "Max is " << x << endl;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        cout << "Max is " << y << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2. ConditionalStatements/MaxAmong3No.cpp b/2. ConditionalStatements/MaxAmong3No.cpp
index eba5f3a..8aabbf4 100644
--- a/2. ConditionalStatements/MaxAmong3No.cpp	
+++ b/2. ConditionalStatements/MaxAmong3No.cpp	
@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-// Program to find maximum among 3 numbers
-int main(void)
-{
-    int a, b, c;
-
-    cout << "Enter 3 number: ";
-    cin >> a >> b >> c;
-
-    if (a > b && a > c)
-    {
-        cout << a << " is greater" << endl;
-    }
-    else if (b > c)
-    {
-        cout << b << " is greater" << endl;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        cout << c << " is greater" << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+// Program to find maximum among 3 numbers
+int main(void)
+{
+    int a, b, c;
+
+    cout << "Enter 3 number: ";
+    cin >> a >> b >> c;
+
+    if (a > b && a > c)
+    {
+        cout << a << " is greater" << endl;
+    }
+    else if (b > c)
+    {
+        cout << b << " is greater" << endl;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        cout << c << " is greater" << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2. ConditionalStatements/NatureofQuadraticRoot.cpp b/2. ConditionalStatements/NatureofQuadraticRoot.cpp
index 5190360..f75012b 100644
--- a/2. ConditionalStatements/NatureofQuadraticRoot.cpp	
+++ b/2. ConditionalStatements/NatureofQuadraticRoot.cpp	
@@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
-#include <iostream>
-#include <cmath>
-using namespace std;
-//Program to check the nature of the roots of a quadratic equation.
-int main(void)
-{
-    float a, b, c, d;
-    cout << "Enter a, b and c: ";
-    cin >> a >> b >> c;
-
-    d = b * b - 4 * a * c;
-    if (d == 0)
-    {
-        cout << "Roots are Real & Equal." << endl;
-        cout << (-b / (2 * a)) << endl;
-    }
-    else if (d > 0)
-    {
-        cout << "Roots are Real & Unequal.";
-        cout << (-b + sqrt(d)) / (2 * a) << endl
-             << (-b - sqrt(d)) / (2 * a) << endl;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        cout << "Imaginary" << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cmath>
+using namespace std;
+//Program to check the nature of the roots of a quadratic equation.
+int main(void)
+{
+    float a, b, c, d;
+    cout << "Enter a, b and c: ";
+    cin >> a >> b >> c;
+
+    d = b * b - 4 * a * c;
+    if (d == 0)
+    {
+        cout << "Roots are Real & Equal." << endl;
+        cout << (-b / (2 * a)) << endl;
+    }
+    else if (d > 0)
+    {
+        cout << "Roots are Real & Unequal.";
+        cout << (-b + sqrt(d)) / (2 * a) << endl
+             << (-b - sqrt(d)) / (2 * a) << endl;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        cout << "Imaginary" << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2. ConditionalStatements/ShortCircuit.cpp b/2. ConditionalStatements/ShortCircuit.cpp
index c2d51a6..7f90216 100644
--- a/2. ConditionalStatements/ShortCircuit.cpp	
+++ b/2. ConditionalStatements/ShortCircuit.cpp	
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-// Program to Demonstrate Short Circuit
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-int main()
-{
-    int a = 10, b = 5, i = 5;
-    if (a > b && ++i <= b)
-    {
-    }
-    cout << i << endl;
-    if (a < b || ++i <= b)
-    {
-    }
-    cout << i << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to Demonstrate Short Circuit
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+int main()
+{
+    int a = 10, b = 5, i = 5;
+    if (a > b && ++i <= b)
+    {
+    }
+    cout << i << endl;
+    if (a < b || ++i <= b)
+    {
+    }
+    cout << i << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2. ConditionalStatements/SwitchCase.cpp b/2. ConditionalStatements/SwitchCase.cpp
index fc56b7d..d904e66 100644
--- a/2. ConditionalStatements/SwitchCase.cpp	
+++ b/2. ConditionalStatements/SwitchCase.cpp	
@@ -1,38 +1,38 @@
-// Program to Demonstrate switch case
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main()
-{
-    int day;
-    cout << "Enter a day no. :" << endl;
-    cin >> day;
-    switch (day)
-    {
-    case 1:
-        cout << "Monday";
-        break;
-    case 2:
-        cout << "Tuesday";
-        break;
-    case 3:
-        cout << "Wednesday";
-        break;
-    case 4:
-        cout << "Thursday";
-        break;
-    case 5:
-        cout << "Friday";
-        break;
-    case 6:
-        cout << "Saturday";
-        break;
-    case 7:
-        cout << "Sunday";
-        break;
-    default:
-        cout << "Invalid day no." << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to Demonstrate switch case
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main()
+{
+    int day;
+    cout << "Enter a day no. :" << endl;
+    cin >> day;
+    switch (day)
+    {
+    case 1:
+        cout << "Monday";
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        cout << "Tuesday";
+        break;
+    case 3:
+        cout << "Wednesday";
+        break;
+    case 4:
+        cout << "Thursday";
+        break;
+    case 5:
+        cout << "Friday";
+        break;
+    case 6:
+        cout << "Saturday";
+        break;
+    case 7:
+        cout << "Sunday";
+        break;
+    default:
+        cout << "Invalid day no." << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/2. ConditionalStatements/Validation.cpp b/2. ConditionalStatements/Validation.cpp
index 32ad815..3c22db6 100644
--- a/2. ConditionalStatements/Validation.cpp	
+++ b/2. ConditionalStatements/Validation.cpp	
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
-// Program to perform Validation
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-int main()
-{
-    int a, b, c;
-    cout << "Enter two numbers: " << endl;
-    cin >> a >> b;
-    if (b == 0)
-    {
-        cout << "Invalid denominator" << endl;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        c = a / b;
-        cout << c << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to perform Validation
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+int main()
+{
+    int a, b, c;
+    cout << "Enter two numbers: " << endl;
+    cin >> a >> b;
+    if (b == 0)
+    {
+        cout << "Invalid denominator" << endl;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        c = a / b;
+        cout << c << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3. Loops/AllLoops.cpp b/3. Loops/AllLoops.cpp
index aead940..6f9bb83 100644
--- a/3. Loops/AllLoops.cpp	
+++ b/3. Loops/AllLoops.cpp	
@@ -1,34 +1,34 @@
-// Program to Test all Loops
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Printing Whole numbers less than 10
-int main()
-{
-    int a = 0;
-    //while loop: Entry Control Loop
-    while (a < 10)
-    {
-        cout << a << " ";
-        a++;
-    }
-
-    cout << endl;
-
-    int b = 0;
-    //do-while loop: Exit Control Loop
-    do
-    {
-        cout << b << " ";
-        b++;
-    } while (b < 10);
-
-    cout << endl;
-
-    //for loop: Counter Control Loop
-    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
-    {
-        cout << i << " ";
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to Test all Loops
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Printing Whole numbers less than 10
+int main()
+{
+    int a = 0;
+    //while loop: Entry Control Loop
+    while (a < 10)
+    {
+        cout << a << " ";
+        a++;
+    }
+
+    cout << endl;
+
+    int b = 0;
+    //do-while loop: Exit Control Loop
+    do
+    {
+        cout << b << " ";
+        b++;
+    } while (b < 10);
+
+    cout << endl;
+
+    //for loop: Counter Control Loop
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+    {
+        cout << i << " ";
+    }
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3. Loops/AmstrongNumber.cpp b/3. Loops/AmstrongNumber.cpp
index 9bad7c7..c1301f2 100644
--- a/3. Loops/AmstrongNumber.cpp	
+++ b/3. Loops/AmstrongNumber.cpp	
@@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
-//Amstrong Number: The sum of the cube of the digits of the number is Amstrong number.
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    int n, r, sum = 0;
-    cout << "Enter Number: ";
-    cin >> n;
-
-    int original_n = n; //Preserving original input number for future refernce in program
-
-    while (n != 0)
-    {
-        r = n % 10;
-        n = n / 10;
-        sum += (r * r * r); // sum = sum + r^3;
-    }
-    //Comparing the sum with input number
-    if (sum == original_n)
-    {
-        cout << "Amstrong Number." << endl;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        cout << "Not Amstrong." << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+//Amstrong Number: The sum of the cube of the digits of the number is Amstrong number.
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int n, r, sum = 0;
+    cout << "Enter Number: ";
+    cin >> n;
+
+    int original_n = n; //Preserving original input number for future refernce in program
+
+    while (n != 0)
+    {
+        r = n % 10;
+        n = n / 10;
+        sum += (r * r * r); // sum = sum + r^3;
+    }
+    //Comparing the sum with input number
+    if (sum == original_n)
+    {
+        cout << "Amstrong Number." << endl;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        cout << "Not Amstrong." << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3. Loops/Factorial.cpp b/3. Loops/Factorial.cpp
index c38dc24..0f14f7f 100644
--- a/3. Loops/Factorial.cpp	
+++ b/3. Loops/Factorial.cpp	
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Program to print the factorial of a number
-int main(void)
-{
-    int n, factorial = 1;
-
-    cout << "Enter number to find factorial: ";
-    cin >> n;
-
-    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
-    {
-        factorial *= i;
-    }
-
-    cout << "Factorial of " << n << " is " << factorial << endl;
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Program to print the factorial of a number
+int main(void)
+{
+    int n, factorial = 1;
+
+    cout << "Enter number to find factorial: ";
+    cin >> n;
+
+    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+    {
+        factorial *= i;
+    }
+
+    cout << "Factorial of " << n << " is " << factorial << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3. Loops/Factors.cpp b/3. Loops/Factors.cpp
index fa28a84..b12a04a 100644
--- a/3. Loops/Factors.cpp	
+++ b/3. Loops/Factors.cpp	
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-// Program to find Factors of a Number
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-int main()
-{
-    int n;
-    cout << "Enter a no. ";
-    cin >> n;
-
-    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
-    {
-        if (n % i == 0)
-        {
-            cout << i << " ";
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to find Factors of a Number
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+int main()
+{
+    int n;
+    cout << "Enter a no. ";
+    cin >> n;
+
+    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+    {
+        if (n % i == 0)
+        {
+            cout << i << " ";
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3. Loops/GCDofNumber.cpp b/3. Loops/GCDofNumber.cpp
index df118d6..3447836 100644
--- a/3. Loops/GCDofNumber.cpp	
+++ b/3. Loops/GCDofNumber.cpp	
@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
-// Program to find GCD
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main()
-{
-    int m, n;
-    cout << "Enter two no.s " << endl;
-    cin >> m >> n;
-
-    while (m != n)
-    {
-        if (m > n)
-        {
-            m = m - n;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            n = n - m;
-        }
-    }
-
-    cout << "GCD is " << m;
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to find GCD
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main()
+{
+    int m, n;
+    cout << "Enter two no.s " << endl;
+    cin >> m >> n;
+
+    while (m != n)
+    {
+        if (m > n)
+        {
+            m = m - n;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            n = n - m;
+        }
+    }
+
+    cout << "GCD is " << m;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3. Loops/MultiplicationTable.cpp b/3. Loops/MultiplicationTable.cpp
index f09bb37..24ccd10 100644
--- a/3. Loops/MultiplicationTable.cpp	
+++ b/3. Loops/MultiplicationTable.cpp	
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Program to print the multiplication table of a given number
-int main(void)
-{
-    int n;
-    cout << "Enter the number which Multiplication Table you want? ";
-    cin >> n;
-
-    for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
-    {
-        cout << n << " x " << i << " = " << (n * i) << endl;
-    }
-
-    cout << endl;
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Program to print the multiplication table of a given number
+int main(void)
+{
+    int n;
+    cout << "Enter the number which Multiplication Table you want? ";
+    cin >> n;
+
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
+    {
+        cout << n << " x " << i << " = " << (n * i) << endl;
+    }
+
+    cout << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3. Loops/PalindromeNumber.cpp b/3. Loops/PalindromeNumber.cpp
index ab062bc..745cae1 100644
--- a/3. Loops/PalindromeNumber.cpp	
+++ b/3. Loops/PalindromeNumber.cpp	
@@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
-//Program to check given number is palindrom or not.
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Palindrome Number: If the reverse of a number is same as original number is called palindrome.
-int main(void)
-{
-    int n, r, reverse;
-    cout << "Enter Number: ";
-    cin >> n;
-
-    int original_n = n;
-
-    while (n != 0)
-    {
-        r = n % 10;
-        n = n / 10; //updating the n
-        reverse = reverse * 10 + r;
-    }
-    //Checking Palindrome or not
-    if (original_n == reverse)
-    {
-        cout << "Palindrome Number" << endl;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        cout << "Not Palindrome" << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+//Program to check given number is palindrom or not.
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Palindrome Number: If the reverse of a number is same as original number is called palindrome.
+int main(void)
+{
+    int n, r, reverse;
+    cout << "Enter Number: ";
+    cin >> n;
+
+    int original_n = n;
+
+    while (n != 0)
+    {
+        r = n % 10;
+        n = n / 10; //updating the n
+        reverse = reverse * 10 + r;
+    }
+    //Checking Palindrome or not
+    if (original_n == reverse)
+    {
+        cout << "Palindrome Number" << endl;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        cout << "Not Palindrome" << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3. Loops/PerfectNumber.cpp b/3. Loops/PerfectNumber.cpp
index 586c346..46b6801 100644
--- a/3. Loops/PerfectNumber.cpp	
+++ b/3. Loops/PerfectNumber.cpp	
@@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
-// Program to find perfect number
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Perfect No: If the sum of the factors of a number is equal to the double of the number.
-int main()
-{
-    int n, sum = 0;
-    cout << "Enter a no. ";
-    cin >> n;
-
-    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
-    {
-        if (n % i == 0)
-        {
-            sum += i;
-        }
-    }
-    // cout << "Sum of factors = " << sum << endl;
-
-    //Checking whether the number is Perfect is not.
-    if (2 * n == sum)
-    {
-        cout << "\nPerfect Number." << endl;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        cout << "\nNot Perfect Number." << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to find perfect number
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Perfect No: If the sum of the factors of a number is equal to the double of the number.
+int main()
+{
+    int n, sum = 0;
+    cout << "Enter a no. ";
+    cin >> n;
+
+    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+    {
+        if (n % i == 0)
+        {
+            sum += i;
+        }
+    }
+    // cout << "Sum of factors = " << sum << endl;
+
+    //Checking whether the number is Perfect is not.
+    if (2 * n == sum)
+    {
+        cout << "\nPerfect Number." << endl;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        cout << "\nNot Perfect Number." << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3. Loops/PrimeNumber.cpp b/3. Loops/PrimeNumber.cpp
index 7236f60..567b273 100644
--- a/3. Loops/PrimeNumber.cpp	
+++ b/3. Loops/PrimeNumber.cpp	
@@ -1,36 +1,36 @@
-//Program to check Prime Number.
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    int n;
-    bool flag;
-    // int count = 0;
-
-    cout << "Enter Number: ";
-    cin >> n;
-
-    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
-    {
-        if (n % i == 0)
-        {
-            flag = true;
-            // count++;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // (count == 2) ? (cout << "Prime" << endl) : (cout << "Not Prime" << endl);
-
-    if (flag == true)
-    {
-        cout << "Prime Number" << endl;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        cout << "Not Prime" << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+//Program to check Prime Number.
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int n;
+    bool flag;
+    // int count = 0;
+
+    cout << "Enter Number: ";
+    cin >> n;
+
+    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+    {
+        if (n % i == 0)
+        {
+            flag = true;
+            // count++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // (count == 2) ? (cout << "Prime" << endl) : (cout << "Not Prime" << endl);
+
+    if (flag == true)
+    {
+        cout << "Prime Number" << endl;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        cout << "Not Prime" << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3. Loops/ReverseANo.cpp b/3. Loops/ReverseANo.cpp
index 9f147bd..0dff10e 100644
--- a/3. Loops/ReverseANo.cpp	
+++ b/3. Loops/ReverseANo.cpp	
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-//Program to reverse the input number
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    int n, r, reverse;
-    cout << "Enter Number: ";
-    cin >> n;
-
-    while (n != 0)
-    {
-        r = n % 10;
-        n = n / 10; //updating the n
-        reverse = reverse * 10 + r;
-    }
-
-    cout << "Reverse Number is = " << reverse << endl;
-    return 0;
-}
+//Program to reverse the input number
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int n, r, reverse;
+    cout << "Enter Number: ";
+    cin >> n;
+
+    while (n != 0)
+    {
+        r = n % 10;
+        n = n / 10; //updating the n
+        reverse = reverse * 10 + r;
+    }
+
+    cout << "Reverse Number is = " << reverse << endl;
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3. Loops/ReverseDigitofNo.cpp b/3. Loops/ReverseDigitofNo.cpp
index c9596e2..2e97f04 100644
--- a/3. Loops/ReverseDigitofNo.cpp	
+++ b/3. Loops/ReverseDigitofNo.cpp	
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Printing the digits of the input number in reverse order
-int main(void)
-{
-    int n, r;
-    cout << "Enter Number: ";
-    cin >> n;
-
-    while (n != 0)
-    {
-        r = n % 10;
-        cout << r << endl; //Printing every time the remainder
-        n = n / 10;        //updating the n
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Printing the digits of the input number in reverse order
+int main(void)
+{
+    int n, r;
+    cout << "Enter Number: ";
+    cin >> n;
+
+    while (n != 0)
+    {
+        r = n % 10;
+        cout << r << endl; //Printing every time the remainder
+        n = n / 10;        //updating the n
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3. Loops/SumofNaturalNo.cpp b/3. Loops/SumofNaturalNo.cpp
index 07b9fbe..ddcac79 100644
--- a/3. Loops/SumofNaturalNo.cpp	
+++ b/3. Loops/SumofNaturalNo.cpp	
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Program to print the sum of n natural number using loop
-int main(void)
-{
-    int n, sum = 0;
-
-    cout << "Enter number: ";
-    cin >> n;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
-    {
-        sum += i;
-    }
-
-    cout << "Sum of " << n << " natural no is " << sum << endl;
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Program to print the sum of n natural number using loop
+int main(void)
+{
+    int n, sum = 0;
+
+    cout << "Enter number: ";
+    cin >> n;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    {
+        sum += i;
+    }
+
+    cout << "Sum of " << n << " natural no is " << sum << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/4. Arrays/2D-Arrays.cpp b/4. Arrays/2D-Arrays.cpp
index 4070a84..86d5a10 100644
--- a/4. Arrays/2D-Arrays.cpp	
+++ b/4. Arrays/2D-Arrays.cpp	
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Cpp Program to demonstrate 2D-Arrays
-int main(void)
-{
-    int arr[2][3] = {2, 5, 9, 6, 9, 15};
-    //Traversal
-    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) //No of rows
-    {
-        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) //No of column
-        {
-            cout << arr[i][j] << " ";
-        }
-        cout << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Cpp Program to demonstrate 2D-Arrays
+int main(void)
+{
+    int arr[2][3] = {2, 5, 9, 6, 9, 15};
+    //Traversal
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) //No of rows
+    {
+        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) //No of column
+        {
+            cout << arr[i][j] << " ";
+        }
+        cout << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/4. Arrays/AverageofNumbers.cpp b/4. Arrays/AverageofNumbers.cpp
index 435acbe..2d38395 100644
--- a/4. Arrays/AverageofNumbers.cpp	
+++ b/4. Arrays/AverageofNumbers.cpp	
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
-// Program to Find Average of Numbers
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-int main()
-{
-    int n, i;
-    float num[100], sum = 0.0, average;
-
-    cout << "Enter the numbers of elements: ";
-    cin >> n;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
-    {
-        cout << i + 1 << ". Enter number: ";
-        cin >> num[i];
-        sum += num[i];
-    }
-    average = sum / n;
-    cout << "Average = " << average;
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to Find Average of Numbers
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+int main()
+{
+    int n, i;
+    float num[100], sum = 0.0, average;
+
+    cout << "Enter the numbers of elements: ";
+    cin >> n;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+    {
+        cout << i + 1 << ". Enter number: ";
+        cin >> num[i];
+        sum += num[i];
+    }
+    average = sum / n;
+    cout << "Average = " << average;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/4. Arrays/ForEachLoop.cpp b/4. Arrays/ForEachLoop.cpp
index cc48227..117b89a 100644
--- a/4. Arrays/ForEachLoop.cpp	
+++ b/4. Arrays/ForEachLoop.cpp	
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    int arr[] = {48, 84, 35, 84, 15, 35, 84};
-    //Printing elements of the array using for loop
-    for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
-    {
-        cout << arr[i] << " ";
-    }
-    cout << endl;
-
-    //Printing elements of the array using for-each loop, introduced in C++11
-    for (int i : arr)
-    {
-        cout << i << " ";
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int arr[] = {48, 84, 35, 84, 15, 35, 84};
+    //Printing elements of the array using for loop
+    for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
+    {
+        cout << arr[i] << " ";
+    }
+    cout << endl;
+
+    //Printing elements of the array using for-each loop, introduced in C++11
+    for (int i : arr)
+    {
+        cout << i << " ";
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/4. Arrays/LinearSearch.cpp b/4. Arrays/LinearSearch.cpp
index c9c6339..82c60b6 100644
--- a/4. Arrays/LinearSearch.cpp	
+++ b/4. Arrays/LinearSearch.cpp	
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
-// Program for Linear Search
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main()
-{
-    int A[10] = {2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 3, 5, 7, 9};
-    int key;
-    cout << "Enter a Key element ";
-    cin >> key;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
-    {
-        if (key == A[i])
-        {
-            cout << "The Key element is found at " << i << endl;
-            exit(0);
-        }
-    }
-    cout << "Key element not found" << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+// Program for Linear Search
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main()
+{
+    int A[10] = {2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 3, 5, 7, 9};
+    int key;
+    cout << "Enter a Key element ";
+    cin >> key;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+    {
+        if (key == A[i])
+        {
+            cout << "The Key element is found at " << i << endl;
+            exit(0);
+        }
+    }
+    cout << "Key element not found" << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/4. Arrays/MatrixAddition.cpp b/4. Arrays/MatrixAddition.cpp
index 5d8b2d8..eb0a476 100644
--- a/4. Arrays/MatrixAddition.cpp	
+++ b/4. Arrays/MatrixAddition.cpp	
@@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    int A[2][3] = {2, 5, 9, 6, 9, 15};
-    int B[2][3] = {6, 9, 15, , 12, 17};
-
-    int C[2][3];
-    //Adding Matrix A and Matrix B
-    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
-    {
-        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
-        {
-            C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
-        }
-    }
-    //Printing Matrix C
-    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
-    {
-        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
-        {
-            cout << C[i][j] << " ";
-        }
-        cout << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int A[2][3] = {2, 5, 9, 6, 9, 15};
+    int B[2][3] = {6, 9, 15, , 12, 17};
+
+    int C[2][3];
+    //Adding Matrix A and Matrix B
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
+    {
+        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
+        {
+            C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
+        }
+    }
+    //Printing Matrix C
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
+    {
+        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
+        {
+            cout << C[i][j] << " ";
+        }
+        cout << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/4. Arrays/MatrixMultiplication.cpp b/4. Arrays/MatrixMultiplication.cpp
index a615176..7590c02 100644
--- a/4. Arrays/MatrixMultiplication.cpp	
+++ b/4. Arrays/MatrixMultiplication.cpp	
@@ -1,57 +1,57 @@
-// Program to Multiply Matrices
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-int main()
-{
-    int a[10][10], b[10][10], mult[10][10], r1, c1, r2, c2, i, j, k;
-    cout << "Enter rows and columns for first matrix: ";
-    cin >> r1 >> c1;
-    cout << "Enter rows and columns for second matrix: ";
-    cin >> r2 >> c2;
-
-    if (c1 != r2)
-    {
-        cout <<“Cant be Multiplied”;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    // Storing elements of first matrix.
-    cout << endl
-         << "Enter elements of matrix 1:" << endl;
-    for (i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
-        for (j = 0; j < c1; ++j)
-        {
-            cout << "Enter element a" << i + 1 << j + 1 << " : ";
-            cin >> a[i][j];
-        }
-    // Storing elements of second matrix.
-    cout << endl
-         << "Enter elements of matrix 2:" << endl;
-    for (i = 0; i < r2; ++i)
-        for (j = 0; j < c2; ++j)
-        {
-            cout << "Enter element b" << i + 1 << j + 1 << " : ";
-            cin >> b[i][j];
-        }
-    // Multiplying matrix a and b and storing in array mult.
-    for (i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
-        for (j = 0; j < c2; ++j)
-        {
-            mult[i][j] = 0;
-            for (k = 0; k < c1; ++k)
-            {
-                mult[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];
-            }
-        }
-    // Displaying the multiplication of two matrix.
-    cout << endl
-         << "Output Matrix: " << endl;
-    for (i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
-        for (j = 0; j < c2; ++j)
-        {
-            cout << " " << mult[i][j];
-            if (j == c2 - 1)
-                cout << endl;
-        }
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to Multiply Matrices
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+int main()
+{
+    int a[10][10], b[10][10], mult[10][10], r1, c1, r2, c2, i, j, k;
+    cout << "Enter rows and columns for first matrix: ";
+    cin >> r1 >> c1;
+    cout << "Enter rows and columns for second matrix: ";
+    cin >> r2 >> c2;
+
+    if (c1 != r2)
+    {
+        cout <<“Cant be Multiplied”;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    // Storing elements of first matrix.
+    cout << endl
+         << "Enter elements of matrix 1:" << endl;
+    for (i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
+        for (j = 0; j < c1; ++j)
+        {
+            cout << "Enter element a" << i + 1 << j + 1 << " : ";
+            cin >> a[i][j];
+        }
+    // Storing elements of second matrix.
+    cout << endl
+         << "Enter elements of matrix 2:" << endl;
+    for (i = 0; i < r2; ++i)
+        for (j = 0; j < c2; ++j)
+        {
+            cout << "Enter element b" << i + 1 << j + 1 << " : ";
+            cin >> b[i][j];
+        }
+    // Multiplying matrix a and b and storing in array mult.
+    for (i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
+        for (j = 0; j < c2; ++j)
+        {
+            mult[i][j] = 0;
+            for (k = 0; k < c1; ++k)
+            {
+                mult[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];
+            }
+        }
+    // Displaying the multiplication of two matrix.
+    cout << endl
+         << "Output Matrix: " << endl;
+    for (i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
+        for (j = 0; j < c2; ++j)
+        {
+            cout << " " << mult[i][j];
+            if (j == c2 - 1)
+                cout << endl;
+        }
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/4. Arrays/MaxElement.cpp b/4. Arrays/MaxElement.cpp
index f107c84..f8bbf5a 100644
--- a/4. Arrays/MaxElement.cpp	
+++ b/4. Arrays/MaxElement.cpp	
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-// Program to find maximum element from an Array
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main()
-{
-    int A[10] = {2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11};
-    int max = INT_MIN;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++)
-    {
-        if (A[i] > max)
-        {
-            max = A[i];
-        }
-    }
-
-    cout << max << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to find maximum element from an Array
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main()
+{
+    int A[10] = {2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11};
+    int max = INT_MIN;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++)
+    {
+        if (A[i] > max)
+        {
+            max = A[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    cout << max << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/4. Arrays/NesteForLoops.cpp b/4. Arrays/NesteForLoops.cpp
index 708e069..88fd5f6 100644
--- a/4. Arrays/NesteForLoops.cpp	
+++ b/4. Arrays/NesteForLoops.cpp	
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) //Number of rows in a matrix
-    {
-        for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++) //Number of column in the matrix
-        {
-            cout << "(" << i << "," << j << ")"
-                 << " ";
-        }
-        cout << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) //Number of rows in a matrix
+    {
+        for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++) //Number of column in the matrix
+        {
+            cout << "(" << i << "," << j << ")"
+                 << " ";
+        }
+        cout << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/4. Arrays/Pattern1.cpp b/4. Arrays/Pattern1.cpp
index a113bc3..b8de132 100644
--- a/4. Arrays/Pattern1.cpp	
+++ b/4. Arrays/Pattern1.cpp	
@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-/*
-
-1       2       3       4
-5       6       7       8
-9       10      11      12
-13      14      15      16
-
-*/
-int main(void)
-{
-    int count = 1;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
-    {
-        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
-        {
-            cout << count << "\t";
-            count++;
-        }
-        cout << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+/*
+
+1       2       3       4
+5       6       7       8
+9       10      11      12
+13      14      15      16
+
+*/
+int main(void)
+{
+    int count = 1;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+    {
+        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+        {
+            cout << count << "\t";
+            count++;
+        }
+        cout << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/4. Arrays/Pattern2.cpp b/4. Arrays/Pattern2.cpp
index 9124117..1a470f7 100644
--- a/4. Arrays/Pattern2.cpp	
+++ b/4. Arrays/Pattern2.cpp	
@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-/*
-
-*
-*       *
-*       *       *
-*       *       *       *
-
-*/
-int main(void)
-{
-    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
-    {
-        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
-        {
-            if (i >= j)
-            {
-                cout << "*"
-                     << "\t";
-            }
-        }
-        cout << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+/*
+
+*
+*       *
+*       *       *
+*       *       *       *
+
+*/
+int main(void)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+    {
+        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+        {
+            if (i >= j)
+            {
+                cout << "*"
+                     << "\t";
+            }
+        }
+        cout << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/4. Arrays/Pattern3.cpp b/4. Arrays/Pattern3.cpp
index 97b9839..65f57bc 100644
--- a/4. Arrays/Pattern3.cpp	
+++ b/4. Arrays/Pattern3.cpp	
@@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-/*
-
-*       *       *       *
-        *       *       *
-                *       *
-                        *
-
-*/
-int main(void)
-{
-    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
-    {
-        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
-        {
-            if (i > j)
-            {
-                cout << " "
-                     << "\t";
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                cout << "*"
-                     << "\t";
-            }
-        }
-        cout << endl;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+/*
+
+*       *       *       *
+        *       *       *
+                *       *
+                        *
+
+*/
+int main(void)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+    {
+        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+        {
+            if (i > j)
+            {
+                cout << " "
+                     << "\t";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                cout << "*"
+                     << "\t";
+            }
+        }
+        cout << endl;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/4. Arrays/Pattern4.cpp b/4. Arrays/Pattern4.cpp
index 150765f..b716494 100644
--- a/4. Arrays/Pattern4.cpp	
+++ b/4. Arrays/Pattern4.cpp	
@@ -1,36 +1,36 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-/*
-
-                        *
-                *       *
-        *       *       *
-*       *       *       *
-
-*/
-int main(void)
-{
-    int n;
-    cin >> n;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
-    {
-        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
-        {
-            if (i + j >= (n - 1))
-            {
-                cout << "*"
-                     << "\t";
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                cout << " "
-                     << "\t";
-            }
-        }
-        cout << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+/*
+
+                        *
+                *       *
+        *       *       *
+*       *       *       *
+
+*/
+int main(void)
+{
+    int n;
+    cin >> n;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    {
+        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
+        {
+            if (i + j >= (n - 1))
+            {
+                cout << "*"
+                     << "\t";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                cout << " "
+                     << "\t";
+            }
+        }
+        cout << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/4. Arrays/SumofArrayElement.cpp b/4. Arrays/SumofArrayElement.cpp
index 0050a47..c44d542 100644
--- a/4. Arrays/SumofArrayElement.cpp	
+++ b/4. Arrays/SumofArrayElement.cpp	
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-// Program to find Sum of all elements in an Array
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main()
-{
-    int A[10] = {2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11};
-    int sum = 0;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++)
-    {
-        sum = sum + A[i];
-    }
-
-    cout << "The sum is " << sum << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to find Sum of all elements in an Array
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main()
+{
+    int A[10] = {2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11};
+    int sum = 0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i++)
+    {
+        sum = sum + A[i];
+    }
+
+    cout << "The sum is " << sum << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/5. Pointers/PointerSyntax.cpp b/5. Pointers/PointerSyntax.cpp
index ca4820c..78d6101 100644
--- a/5. Pointers/PointerSyntax.cpp	
+++ b/5. Pointers/PointerSyntax.cpp	
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-// Program to Demonstrate Pointer Syntax
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main()
-{
-    int a = 10;
-    int *p = &a;
-
-    cout << a << endl;
-    cout << &a << endl;
-    cout << p << endl;
-    cout << *p << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+// Program to Demonstrate Pointer Syntax
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main()
+{
+    int a = 10;
+    int *p = &a;
+
+    cout << a << endl;
+    cout << &a << endl;
+    cout << p << endl;
+    cout << *p << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6. Strings/ChangingCase.cpp b/6. Strings/ChangingCase.cpp
index 05a5389..c969dba 100644
--- a/6. Strings/ChangingCase.cpp	
+++ b/6. Strings/ChangingCase.cpp	
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-#include <bits/stdc++.h>
-using namespace std;
-/*program for changing cases of letters*/
-int main()
-{
-
-    string str = "welcome";
-    for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++)
-    {
-        if (str[i] >= 65 && str[i] <= 90)
-        {
-            str[i] = str[i] + 32;
-        }
-    }
-    cout << str << endl;
-    return 0;
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+/*program for changing cases of letters*/
+int main()
+{
+
+    string str = "welcome";
+    for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++)
+    {
+        if (str[i] >= 65 && str[i] <= 90)
+        {
+            str[i] = str[i] + 32;
+        }
+    }
+    cout << str << endl;
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6. Strings/CountVowelConsonant.cpp b/6. Strings/CountVowelConsonant.cpp
index 37648b4..7893847 100644
--- a/6. Strings/CountVowelConsonant.cpp	
+++ b/6. Strings/CountVowelConsonant.cpp	
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
-#include <bits/stdc++.h>
-using namespace std;
-/*program for count vowels consonant and words*/
-int main()
-{
-    string str = "how many words" int vowels = 0, consonant = 0, space = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; str[i] = !'\0'; i++)
-    {
-        if (str[i] == 'A' || str[i] == 'E' || str[i] == 'I' || str[i] == 'O' || str[i] == 'U' || str[i] == 'a' || str[i] == 'e' || str[i] == 'i' || str[i] == 'o' || str[i] == 'u')
-            vowels++;
-        else if (str[i] == ' ')
-            space++;
-        else
-            consonant++;
-    }
-    cout << "vowels " << vowels << endl;
-    cout << "consonant " << consonant << endl;
-    cout << "words " << space++ << endl;
-    return 0;
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+/*program for count vowels consonant and words*/
+int main()
+{
+    string str = "how many words" int vowels = 0, consonant = 0, space = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; str[i] = !'\0'; i++)
+    {
+        if (str[i] == 'A' || str[i] == 'E' || str[i] == 'I' || str[i] == 'O' || str[i] == 'U' || str[i] == 'a' || str[i] == 'e' || str[i] == 'i' || str[i] == 'o' || str[i] == 'u')
+            vowels++;
+        else if (str[i] == ' ')
+            space++;
+        else
+            consonant++;
+    }
+    cout << "vowels " << vowels << endl;
+    cout << "consonant " << consonant << endl;
+    cout << "words " << space++ << endl;
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6. Strings/LengthofString.cpp b/6. Strings/LengthofString.cpp
index c9a5646..c359305 100644
--- a/6. Strings/LengthofString.cpp	
+++ b/6. Strings/LengthofString.cpp	
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
-#include <bits/stdc++.h>
-using namespace std;
-int main()
-{
-    /*program for finding length of a string using for loop*/
-    string s = "welcome";
-    int count = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++)
-    {
-        cout << "length is" << count << endl;
-    }
-
-    /*program for finding length of a string using string iterator*/
-    string str = "welcome";
-    string::iterator it;
-    int count = 0;
-    for (it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); it++)
-    {
-        cout << "length is" << count << endl;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+int main()
+{
+    /*program for finding length of a string using for loop*/
+    string s = "welcome";
+    int count = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; i++)
+    {
+        cout << "length is" << count << endl;
+    }
+
+    /*program for finding length of a string using string iterator*/
+    string str = "welcome";
+    string::iterator it;
+    int count = 0;
+    for (it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); it++)
+    {
+        cout << "length is" << count << endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6. Strings/Palindrome.cpp b/6. Strings/Palindrome.cpp
index ccb30ad..bfe5722 100644
--- a/6. Strings/Palindrome.cpp	
+++ b/6. Strings/Palindrome.cpp	
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
-#include <bits/stdc++.h>
-using namespace std;
-
-// program for reverse a string and check a string is a palidrome
-
-int main()
-{
-    string str = "MADAM";
-    string rev = "";
-    int len = (int)str.length();
-    rev.resize(len);
-    for (int i = 0, j = len - 1; i < len; i++, j--)
-    {
-        rev[i] = str[j];
-    }
-    rev[len] = '\0';
-    if (str.compare(rev) == 0)
-        cout << "palindrome" << endl;
-    else
-        cout << "not a pallindrome" << endl;
-    return 0;
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+
+// program for reverse a string and check a string is a palidrome
+
+int main()
+{
+    string str = "MADAM";
+    string rev = "";
+    int len = (int)str.length();
+    rev.resize(len);
+    for (int i = 0, j = len - 1; i < len; i++, j--)
+    {
+        rev[i] = str[j];
+    }
+    rev[len] = '\0';
+    if (str.compare(rev) == 0)
+        cout << "palindrome" << endl;
+    else
+        cout << "not a pallindrome" << endl;
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6. Strings/ReadWriteString.cpp b/6. Strings/ReadWriteString.cpp
index fdbc331..b93e3a2 100644
--- a/6. Strings/ReadWriteString.cpp	
+++ b/6. Strings/ReadWriteString.cpp	
@@ -1,36 +1,36 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    /*
-    char str[20];
-
-    cout << "Enter your name: ";
-    cin >> s;
-    cout << "Hello! " << str << endl;
-
-    char s[50];
-    cout << "Enter your name: ";
-    // cin.get(s, 50);
-    cin.getline(s, 50);
-    cout << "Hello! " << s << endl;
-    */
-
-    //Problem with cin.get()
-    char a[50];
-    cout << "Enter name: ";
-    cin.get(a, 50);
-
-    cout << "Welcome " << a << endl;
-
-    cin.ignore(); //Clears the input buffer
-
-    cout << "Enter name again: ";
-    cin.getline(a, 50);
-
-    cout << "Welcome " << a << endl;
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    /*
+    char str[20];
+
+    cout << "Enter your name: ";
+    cin >> s;
+    cout << "Hello! " << str << endl;
+
+    char s[50];
+    cout << "Enter your name: ";
+    // cin.get(s, 50);
+    cin.getline(s, 50);
+    cout << "Hello! " << s << endl;
+    */
+
+    //Problem with cin.get()
+    char a[50];
+    cout << "Enter name: ";
+    cin.get(a, 50);
+
+    cout << "Welcome " << a << endl;
+
+    cin.ignore(); //Clears the input buffer
+
+    cout << "Enter name again: ";
+    cin.getline(a, 50);
+
+    cout << "Welcome " << a << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6. Strings/StringToInteger.cpp b/6. Strings/StringToInteger.cpp
index 2474aa9..c2423c6 100644
--- a/6. Strings/StringToInteger.cpp	
+++ b/6. Strings/StringToInteger.cpp	
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
-#include <bits/stdc++.h>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    char s1[] = "235";
-    char s2[] = "54.778";
-    //String to long integer(string, NUll Character, Base 10)
-    long int x = strtol(s1, NULL, 10);
-    //String to float(string, NUll Character)
-    float y = strtof(s2, NULL);
-
-    cout << x << " " << y << endl;
-
-    x = x * 10;
-    y = y * 10;
-
-    cout << x << " " << y << endl;
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    char s1[] = "235";
+    char s2[] = "54.778";
+    //String to long integer(string, NUll Character, Base 10)
+    long int x = strtol(s1, NULL, 10);
+    //String to float(string, NUll Character)
+    float y = strtof(s2, NULL);
+
+    cout << x << " " << y << endl;
+
+    x = x * 10;
+    y = y * 10;
+
+    cout << x << " " << y << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6. Strings/Tokenizing.cpp b/6. Strings/Tokenizing.cpp
index 5a4964d..1ff8825 100644
--- a/6. Strings/Tokenizing.cpp	
+++ b/6. Strings/Tokenizing.cpp	
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-#include <bits/stdc++.h>
-using namespace std;
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    char s1[20] = "x=10;y=20;z=30;";
-
-    char *token = strtok(s1, ";"); //Tokenizing
-
-    while (token != NULL)
-    {
-        cout << token << " ";
-        token = strtok(NULL, ";");
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    char s1[20] = "x=10;y=20;z=30;";
+
+    char *token = strtok(s1, ";"); //Tokenizing
+
+    while (token != NULL)
+    {
+        cout << token << " ";
+        token = strtok(NULL, ";");
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6. Strings/UpperCase.cpp b/6. Strings/UpperCase.cpp
index c42f4c5..46a1cfe 100644
--- a/6. Strings/UpperCase.cpp	
+++ b/6. Strings/UpperCase.cpp	
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-#include <bits/stdc++.h>
-using namespace std;
-/*program for change cases to upper case only*/
-int main()
-{
-
-    string str = "wELcoMe7";
-    for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++)
-    {
-        if (str[i] >= 97 && str[i] <= 122)
-        {
-            str[i] = str[i] - 32;
-        }
-    }
-    cout << str << endl;
-    return 0;
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+/*program for change cases to upper case only*/
+int main()
+{
+
+    string str = "wELcoMe7";
+    for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++)
+    {
+        if (str[i] >= 97 && str[i] <= 122)
+        {
+            str[i] = str[i] - 32;
+        }
+    }
+    cout << str << endl;
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/6. Strings/UserNameEmail.cpp b/6. Strings/UserNameEmail.cpp
index cb03713..3d27c25 100644
--- a/6. Strings/UserNameEmail.cpp	
+++ b/6. Strings/UserNameEmail.cpp	
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-#include <iostream>
-#include <cstring>
-using namespace std;
-// program for finding user name from email address
-int main()
-{
-    string email = "john123@gmail.com" int i = (int)email.find('@');
-    string uname = email.substr(0, i);
-    cout << "user name is " << uname << endl;
-    return 0;
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cstring>
+using namespace std;
+// program for finding user name from email address
+int main()
+{
+    string email = "john123@gmail.com" int i = (int)email.find('@');
+    string uname = email.substr(0, i);
+    cout << "user name is " << uname << endl;
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/7. Functions/DefaultArgument.cpp b/7. Functions/DefaultArgument.cpp
index 07c39fa..5889ed6 100644
--- a/7. Functions/DefaultArgument.cpp	
+++ b/7. Functions/DefaultArgument.cpp	
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-// Example of Default Arguments
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int sum(int a, int b, int c = 0)
-{
-    return a + b + c;
-}
-
-int main()
-{
-    cout << sum(10, 20, 3) << endl;
-    return 0;
+// Example of Default Arguments
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int sum(int a, int b, int c = 0)
+{
+    return a + b + c;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    cout << sum(10, 20, 3) << endl;
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/7. Functions/FunctionOverloading.cpp b/7. Functions/FunctionOverloading.cpp
index 4b5b42b..ba67f91 100644
--- a/7. Functions/FunctionOverloading.cpp	
+++ b/7. Functions/FunctionOverloading.cpp	
@@ -1,26 +1,26 @@
-// Program to Demonstrate Function Overloading using Sum function
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int sum(int a, int b)
-{
-    return a + b;
-}
-
-float sum(float a, float b)
-{
-    return a + b;
-}
-
-int sum(int a, int b, int c)
-{
-    return a, b, c;
-}
-
-int main()
-{
-    cout << sum(10, 5) << endl;
-    cout << sum(12.5f, 3.4f) << endl;
-    cout << sum(10, 20, 3) << endl;
-    return 0;
+// Program to Demonstrate Function Overloading using Sum function
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int sum(int a, int b)
+{
+    return a + b;
+}
+
+float sum(float a, float b)
+{
+    return a + b;
+}
+
+int sum(int a, int b, int c)
+{
+    return a, b, c;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    cout << sum(10, 5) << endl;
+    cout << sum(12.5f, 3.4f) << endl;
+    cout << sum(10, 20, 3) << endl;
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/7. Functions/FunctionTemplate.cpp b/7. Functions/FunctionTemplate.cpp
index 1adecb3..84534bb 100644
--- a/7. Functions/FunctionTemplate.cpp	
+++ b/7. Functions/FunctionTemplate.cpp	
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-// Example of Function Template
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Generic datatype
-template <class T>
-T maxim(T a, T b)
-{
-    return a > b ? a : b;
-}
-
-int main()
-{
-    cout << maxim(12, 14) << endl;
-    cout << maxim(2.3, 1.4) << endl;
-    cout << maxim(2.3f, 5.6f) << endl;
-    return 0;
+// Example of Function Template
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Generic datatype
+template <class T>
+T maxim(T a, T b)
+{
+    return a > b ? a : b;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    cout << maxim(12, 14) << endl;
+    cout << maxim(2.3, 1.4) << endl;
+    cout << maxim(2.3f, 5.6f) << endl;
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/7. Functions/LinearSearch.cpp b/7. Functions/LinearSearch.cpp
index 7b5aed2..0049b2a 100644
--- a/7. Functions/LinearSearch.cpp	
+++ b/7. Functions/LinearSearch.cpp	
@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
-// Program for Linear Search using Functions
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int Search(int A[], int n, int key)
-{
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
-    {
-        if (key == A[i])
-        {
-            return i;
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int main()
-{
-    int A[] = {2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 9, 13};
-    int k;
-    cout << "Enter an Element to be Searched:";
-    cin >> k;
-    int index = Search(A, 7, k);
-    cout << "Element found at index :" << index << endl;
-
-    return 0;
+// Program for Linear Search using Functions
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int Search(int A[], int n, int key)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    {
+        if (key == A[i])
+        {
+            return i;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    int A[] = {2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 9, 13};
+    int k;
+    cout << "Enter an Element to be Searched:";
+    cin >> k;
+    int index = Search(A, 7, k);
+    cout << "Element found at index :" << index << endl;
+
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/7. Functions/ReturnAddress.cpp b/7. Functions/ReturnAddress.cpp
index 8254c83..c4a1ad0 100644
--- a/7. Functions/ReturnAddress.cpp	
+++ b/7. Functions/ReturnAddress.cpp	
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int *fun(int n)
-{
-    int *p = new int[n];
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
-    {
-        p[i] = i + 1;
-    }
-
-    return p;
-}
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    int *ptr = fun(5);
-    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
-        cout << i << endl;
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int *fun(int n)
+{
+    int *p = new int[n];
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    {
+        p[i] = i + 1;
+    }
+
+    return p;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int *ptr = fun(5);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+        cout << i << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/7. Functions/ReturnReference.cpp b/7. Functions/ReturnReference.cpp
index b8993eb..5207e66 100644
--- a/7. Functions/ReturnReference.cpp	
+++ b/7. Functions/ReturnReference.cpp	
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-int &fun(int &a)
-{
-    cout << a;
-    return a;
-}
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    int x = 10;
-    fun(x) = 25;
-    cout << x;
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+int &fun(int &a)
+{
+    cout << a;
+    return a;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int x = 10;
+    fun(x) = 25;
+    cout << x;
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/7. Functions/StaticVariables.cpp b/7. Functions/StaticVariables.cpp
index f780377..97de601 100644
--- a/7. Functions/StaticVariables.cpp	
+++ b/7. Functions/StaticVariables.cpp	
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-void fun()
-{
-    static int v = 0;
-    int a = 10;
-    v++ : cout << a <<“ “<< v;
-}
-
-int main()
-{
-    fun();
-    fun();
-    fun();
-    return 0;
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+void fun()
+{
+    static int v = 0;
+    int a = 10;
+    v++ : cout << a <<“ “<< v;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    fun();
+    fun();
+    fun();
+    return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/7. Functions/Sum.cpp b/7. Functions/Sum.cpp
index f107e95..071ac0f 100644
--- a/7. Functions/Sum.cpp	
+++ b/7. Functions/Sum.cpp	
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Function take two integers and returns the sum of them
-int add(int a, int b)
-{
-    return (a + b);
-}
-//Driver Code
-int main(void)
-{
-    int a = 5, b = 15, c;
-    c = add(a, b); //Function Call for add()
-    cout << "Sum is " << c << endl;
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Function take two integers and returns the sum of them
+int add(int a, int b)
+{
+    return (a + b);
+}
+//Driver Code
+int main(void)
+{
+    int a = 5, b = 15, c;
+    c = add(a, b); //Function Call for add()
+    cout << "Sum is " << c << endl;
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/7. Functions/Swap.cpp b/7. Functions/Swap.cpp
index 0b828a3..7250a5e 100644
--- a/7. Functions/Swap.cpp	
+++ b/7. Functions/Swap.cpp	
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-void swap(int *x, int *y)
-{
-    int temp;
-    temp = *x;
-    *x = *y;
-    *y = temp;
-}
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    int a = 10, b = 20;
-    swap(&a, &b);
-    cout << a << b;
-    return 0;
-}
-// Code By: Avinash Kumar.
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+void swap(int *x, int *y)
+{
+    int temp;
+    temp = *x;
+    *x = *y;
+    *y = temp;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int a = 10, b = 20;
+    swap(&a, &b);
+    cout << a << b;
+    return 0;
+}
+// Code By: Avinash Kumar.
diff --git a/8. IntroductionToOPPs/Constructor.cpp b/8. IntroductionToOPPs/Constructor.cpp
index 190a131..41ef647 100644
--- a/8. IntroductionToOPPs/Constructor.cpp	
+++ b/8. IntroductionToOPPs/Constructor.cpp	
@@ -1,82 +1,82 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Program to demonstrate Constructor
-class Rectangle
-{
-private:
-    int length;
-    int breadth;
-
-public:
-    /*
-    //Default Constructor
-    Rectangle()
-    {
-    }
-    */
-
-    //Non-Parameterized Constructor
-    Rectangle()
-    {
-        length = 0;
-        breadth = 0;
-    }
-    //Parametrized Constructor
-    Rectangle(int l, int b)
-    {
-        setLength(l);
-        setBreadth(b);
-    }
-
-    //Mutators or Setters
-    void setLength(int l)
-    {
-        if (l > 0)
-        {
-            length = l;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            length = 0;
-        }
-    }
-    void setBreadth(int b)
-    {
-        if (b > 0)
-        {
-            breadth = b;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            breadth = 0;
-        }
-    }
-    //Accessors or Getters
-    int getLength()
-    {
-        return length;
-    }
-    int getBreadth()
-    {
-        return breadth;
-    }
-    //Facilatators
-    int area()
-    {
-        return (length * breadth);
-    }
-    int perimeter()
-    {
-        return (2 * (length + breadth));
-    }
-};
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    Rectangle r1;        //Default Constructor
-    Rectangle r2();      //Non-Parameterized Constructor
-    Rectangle r3(10, 5); //Parametrized Constructor
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Program to demonstrate Constructor
+class Rectangle
+{
+private:
+    int length;
+    int breadth;
+
+public:
+    /*
+    //Default Constructor
+    Rectangle()
+    {
+    }
+    */
+
+    //Non-Parameterized Constructor
+    Rectangle()
+    {
+        length = 0;
+        breadth = 0;
+    }
+    //Parametrized Constructor
+    Rectangle(int l, int b)
+    {
+        setLength(l);
+        setBreadth(b);
+    }
+
+    //Mutators or Setters
+    void setLength(int l)
+    {
+        if (l > 0)
+        {
+            length = l;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            length = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    void setBreadth(int b)
+    {
+        if (b > 0)
+        {
+            breadth = b;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            breadth = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    //Accessors or Getters
+    int getLength()
+    {
+        return length;
+    }
+    int getBreadth()
+    {
+        return breadth;
+    }
+    //Facilatators
+    int area()
+    {
+        return (length * breadth);
+    }
+    int perimeter()
+    {
+        return (2 * (length + breadth));
+    }
+};
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    Rectangle r1;        //Default Constructor
+    Rectangle r2();      //Non-Parameterized Constructor
+    Rectangle r3(10, 5); //Parametrized Constructor
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/8. IntroductionToOPPs/DataHiding.cpp b/8. IntroductionToOPPs/DataHiding.cpp
index b5996cc..c51c3f6 100644
--- a/8. IntroductionToOPPs/DataHiding.cpp	
+++ b/8. IntroductionToOPPs/DataHiding.cpp	
@@ -1,70 +1,70 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Program to demonstrate Data Hiding (Accessors & Mutators)
-class Rectangle
-{
-private:
-    int length;
-    int breadth;
-
-public:
-    //Mutators or Setters
-    void setLength(int l)
-    {
-        if (l > 0)
-        {
-            length = l;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            length = 0;
-        }
-    }
-    void setBreadth(int b)
-    {
-        if (b > 0)
-        {
-            breadth = b;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            breadth = 0;
-        }
-    }
-    //Accessors or Getters
-    int getLength()
-    {
-        return length;
-    }
-    int getBreadth()
-    {
-        return breadth;
-    }
-    //Function to calculate area of rectangle
-    int area()
-    {
-        return (length * breadth);
-    }
-    //Function to calculate perimeter of rectangle
-    int perimeter()
-    {
-        return (2 * (length + breadth));
-    }
-};
-//Accessors & Mutators are called Property Functions
-int main(void)
-{
-    Rectangle r;
-    //Mutators
-    r.setLength(10);
-    r.setBreadth(5);
-    //Public Member Functions
-    cout << r.area() << endl;
-    cout << r.perimeter() << endl;
-    //Accessors
-    cout << "Length is " << r.getLength() << endl;
-    cout << "Breadth is " << r.getBreadth() << endl;
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Program to demonstrate Data Hiding (Accessors & Mutators)
+class Rectangle
+{
+private:
+    int length;
+    int breadth;
+
+public:
+    //Mutators or Setters
+    void setLength(int l)
+    {
+        if (l > 0)
+        {
+            length = l;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            length = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    void setBreadth(int b)
+    {
+        if (b > 0)
+        {
+            breadth = b;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            breadth = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    //Accessors or Getters
+    int getLength()
+    {
+        return length;
+    }
+    int getBreadth()
+    {
+        return breadth;
+    }
+    //Function to calculate area of rectangle
+    int area()
+    {
+        return (length * breadth);
+    }
+    //Function to calculate perimeter of rectangle
+    int perimeter()
+    {
+        return (2 * (length + breadth));
+    }
+};
+//Accessors & Mutators are called Property Functions
+int main(void)
+{
+    Rectangle r;
+    //Mutators
+    r.setLength(10);
+    r.setBreadth(5);
+    //Public Member Functions
+    cout << r.area() << endl;
+    cout << r.perimeter() << endl;
+    //Accessors
+    cout << "Length is " << r.getLength() << endl;
+    cout << "Breadth is " << r.getBreadth() << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/8. IntroductionToOPPs/PointerToObject.cpp b/8. IntroductionToOPPs/PointerToObject.cpp
index 7cb55f3..a5aa1c5 100644
--- a/8. IntroductionToOPPs/PointerToObject.cpp	
+++ b/8. IntroductionToOPPs/PointerToObject.cpp	
@@ -1,42 +1,42 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-class Rectangle
-{
-public:
-    int length;
-    int breadth;
-    //Function to calculate area of rectangle
-    int area()
-    {
-        return (length * breadth);
-    }
-    //Function to calculate perimeter of rectangle
-    int perimeter()
-    {
-        return (2 * (length + breadth));
-    }
-};
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    Rectangle r;
-    Rectangle *ptrToStack;
-    // ptr created in STACK
-    ptrToStack = &r; //Ptr pointing to Rectangle r object
-    r.length = 10;
-    ptrToStack->length = 20;
-    ptrToStack->breadth = 50;
-    cout << (ptrToStack->area()) << endl;
-
-    Rectangle *ptrToHeap;
-    //ptr created in heap
-    ptrToHeap = new Rectangle;
-    Rectangle *q = new Rectangle();
-    ptrToHeap->length = 50;
-    ptrToHeap->breadth = 100;
-    cout << (ptrToHeap->area()) << endl;
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+class Rectangle
+{
+public:
+    int length;
+    int breadth;
+    //Function to calculate area of rectangle
+    int area()
+    {
+        return (length * breadth);
+    }
+    //Function to calculate perimeter of rectangle
+    int perimeter()
+    {
+        return (2 * (length + breadth));
+    }
+};
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    Rectangle r;
+    Rectangle *ptrToStack;
+    // ptr created in STACK
+    ptrToStack = &r; //Ptr pointing to Rectangle r object
+    r.length = 10;
+    ptrToStack->length = 20;
+    ptrToStack->breadth = 50;
+    cout << (ptrToStack->area()) << endl;
+
+    Rectangle *ptrToHeap;
+    //ptr created in heap
+    ptrToHeap = new Rectangle;
+    Rectangle *q = new Rectangle();
+    ptrToHeap->length = 50;
+    ptrToHeap->breadth = 100;
+    cout << (ptrToHeap->area()) << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/8. IntroductionToOPPs/Rectangle.cpp b/8. IntroductionToOPPs/Rectangle.cpp
index 7b37ebc..cd62882 100644
--- a/8. IntroductionToOPPs/Rectangle.cpp	
+++ b/8. IntroductionToOPPs/Rectangle.cpp	
@@ -1,37 +1,37 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Simple Program to demonstrate Object orientation
-class Rectangle
-{
-public:
-    int length;
-    int breadth;
-    //Function to calculate area of rectangle
-    int area()
-    {
-        return (length * breadth);
-    }
-    //Function to calculate perimeter of rectangle
-    int perimeter()
-    {
-        return (2 * (length + breadth));
-    }
-};
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    //Objects of class Rectangle
-    Rectangle r1, r2;
-    //Accessing Data members
-    r1.length = 10;
-    r1.breadth = 5;
-    //Accessing Member Functions
-    cout << r1.area() << " " << r1.perimeter() << endl;
-    //Accessing Data members
-    r2.length = 15;
-    r2.breadth = 10;
-    //Accessing Member Functions
-    cout << r2.area() << " " << r2.perimeter() << endl;
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Simple Program to demonstrate Object orientation
+class Rectangle
+{
+public:
+    int length;
+    int breadth;
+    //Function to calculate area of rectangle
+    int area()
+    {
+        return (length * breadth);
+    }
+    //Function to calculate perimeter of rectangle
+    int perimeter()
+    {
+        return (2 * (length + breadth));
+    }
+};
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    //Objects of class Rectangle
+    Rectangle r1, r2;
+    //Accessing Data members
+    r1.length = 10;
+    r1.breadth = 5;
+    //Accessing Member Functions
+    cout << r1.area() << " " << r1.perimeter() << endl;
+    //Accessing Data members
+    r2.length = 15;
+    r2.breadth = 10;
+    //Accessing Member Functions
+    cout << r2.area() << " " << r2.perimeter() << endl;
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/8. IntroductionToOPPs/StudentExercise.cpp b/8. IntroductionToOPPs/StudentExercise.cpp
index a912c46..bb36818 100644
--- a/8. IntroductionToOPPs/StudentExercise.cpp	
+++ b/8. IntroductionToOPPs/StudentExercise.cpp	
@@ -1,65 +1,65 @@
-#include <iostream>
-#include <string>
-using namespace std;
-/*Write a class for student with 
-1. Roll
-2. Name
-3. Marks in 3 subject
-Functions for Total marks Grade & required methods*/
-class Student
-{
-private:
-    int roll;
-    string name;
-    int mathMarks;
-    int phyMarks;
-    int chemMarks;
-
-public:
-    Student(int r, string n, int m, int p, int c) //Constructor
-    {
-        roll = r;
-        name = n;
-        mathMarks = m;
-        phyMarks = p;
-        chemMarks = c;
-    }
-    int total()
-    {
-        return (mathMarks + phyMarks + chemMarks);
-    }
-    char grade()
-    {
-        float avg = total() / 3;
-        if (avg > 60)
-        {
-            return 'A';
-        }
-        else if (avg >= 40 && avg < 60)
-        {
-            return 'B';
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return 'C';
-        }
-    }
-};
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    int roll;
-    string name;
-    int m, p, c;
-    cout << "Enter Roll number of a Student: ";
-    cin >> roll;
-    cout << "Enter name of the Student: ";
-    cin >> name;
-    cout << "Enter marks for maths, phy & chem respectively: ";
-    cin >> m >> p >> c;
-    Student s(roll, name, m, p, c);
-    cout << "Total Marks: " << s.total() << endl;
-    cout << "Grade of Student: " << s.grade() << endl;
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+using namespace std;
+/*Write a class for student with 
+1. Roll
+2. Name
+3. Marks in 3 subject
+Functions for Total marks Grade & required methods*/
+class Student
+{
+private:
+    int roll;
+    string name;
+    int mathMarks;
+    int phyMarks;
+    int chemMarks;
+
+public:
+    Student(int r, string n, int m, int p, int c) //Constructor
+    {
+        roll = r;
+        name = n;
+        mathMarks = m;
+        phyMarks = p;
+        chemMarks = c;
+    }
+    int total()
+    {
+        return (mathMarks + phyMarks + chemMarks);
+    }
+    char grade()
+    {
+        float avg = total() / 3;
+        if (avg > 60)
+        {
+            return 'A';
+        }
+        else if (avg >= 40 && avg < 60)
+        {
+            return 'B';
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return 'C';
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    int roll;
+    string name;
+    int m, p, c;
+    cout << "Enter Roll number of a Student: ";
+    cin >> roll;
+    cout << "Enter name of the Student: ";
+    cin >> name;
+    cout << "Enter marks for maths, phy & chem respectively: ";
+    cin >> m >> p >> c;
+    Student s(roll, name, m, p, c);
+    cout << "Total Marks: " << s.total() << endl;
+    cout << "Grade of Student: " << s.grade() << endl;
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/8. IntroductionToOPPs/ThisPointer.cpp b/8. IntroductionToOPPs/ThisPointer.cpp
index 07e06e3..252ee3b 100644
--- a/8. IntroductionToOPPs/ThisPointer.cpp	
+++ b/8. IntroductionToOPPs/ThisPointer.cpp	
@@ -1,35 +1,35 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-class Rectangle
-{
-private:
-    int length;
-    int breadth;
-
-public:
-    //Parametrized Constructor
-    Rectangle(int length, int breadth)
-    {
-        this->length = length;
-        this->breadth = breadth;
-    }
-    //Function to calculate area of rectangle
-    int area()
-    {
-        return (length * breadth);
-    }
-    //Function to calculate perimeter of rectangle
-    int perimeter()
-    {
-        return (2 * (length + breadth));
-    }
-};
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    Rectangle r3(10, 5); //Parametrized Constructor
-
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+class Rectangle
+{
+private:
+    int length;
+    int breadth;
+
+public:
+    //Parametrized Constructor
+    Rectangle(int length, int breadth)
+    {
+        this->length = length;
+        this->breadth = breadth;
+    }
+    //Function to calculate area of rectangle
+    int area()
+    {
+        return (length * breadth);
+    }
+    //Function to calculate perimeter of rectangle
+    int perimeter()
+    {
+        return (2 * (length + breadth));
+    }
+};
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    Rectangle r3(10, 5); //Parametrized Constructor
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/9. OperatorOverloading/ComplexNumber.cpp b/9. OperatorOverloading/ComplexNumber.cpp
index 684e17c..e2b9857 100644
--- a/9. OperatorOverloading/ComplexNumber.cpp	
+++ b/9. OperatorOverloading/ComplexNumber.cpp	
@@ -1,43 +1,43 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Program to demonstrate Operator '+' Overloading
-class Complex
-{
-private:
-    int real;
-    int img;
-
-public:
-    Complex(int r = 0, int i = 0)
-    {
-        real = r;
-        img = i;
-    }
-    // Complex add(Complex c)
-    Complex operator+(Complex c)
-    {
-        Complex temp;
-        temp.real = real + c.real;
-        temp.img = img + c.img;
-        return temp;
-    }
-    void print()
-    {
-        cout << real << " + " << img << "i" << endl;
-    }
-};
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    Complex c1(3, 6);
-    Complex c2(5, 4);
-
-    Complex c3;
-
-    // c3 = c1.add(c2); //c3 = c2.add(c1);
-    c3 = c1 + c2;
-
-    c3.print();
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Program to demonstrate Operator '+' Overloading
+class Complex
+{
+private:
+    int real;
+    int img;
+
+public:
+    Complex(int r = 0, int i = 0)
+    {
+        real = r;
+        img = i;
+    }
+    // Complex add(Complex c)
+    Complex operator+(Complex c)
+    {
+        Complex temp;
+        temp.real = real + c.real;
+        temp.img = img + c.img;
+        return temp;
+    }
+    void print()
+    {
+        cout << real << " + " << img << "i" << endl;
+    }
+};
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    Complex c1(3, 6);
+    Complex c2(5, 4);
+
+    Complex c3;
+
+    // c3 = c1.add(c2); //c3 = c2.add(c1);
+    c3 = c1 + c2;
+
+    c3.print();
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/9. OperatorOverloading/FriendOperatorOverloading.cpp b/9. OperatorOverloading/FriendOperatorOverloading.cpp
index 5c1d656..356bc0e 100644
--- a/9. OperatorOverloading/FriendOperatorOverloading.cpp	
+++ b/9. OperatorOverloading/FriendOperatorOverloading.cpp	
@@ -1,45 +1,45 @@
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Program to demonstrate Operator '+' Overloading with friend function
-class Complex
-{
-private:
-    int real;
-    int img;
-
-public:
-    Complex(int r = 0, int i = 0)
-    {
-        real = r;
-        img = i;
-    }
-
-    friend Complex operator+(Complex c1, Complex c2);
-
-    void print()
-    {
-        cout << real << " + " << img << "i" << endl;
-    }
-};
-
-Complex operator+(Complex c1, Complex c2)
-{
-    Complex temp;
-    temp.real = c1.real + c2.real;
-    temp.img = c1.img + c2.img;
-    return temp;
-}
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    Complex c1(3, 6);
-    Complex c2(5, 4);
-
-    Complex c3;
-
-    c3 = c1 + c2; //operator+(c1,c2);
-
-    c3.print();
-    return 0;
-}
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Program to demonstrate Operator '+' Overloading with friend function
+class Complex
+{
+private:
+    int real;
+    int img;
+
+public:
+    Complex(int r = 0, int i = 0)
+    {
+        real = r;
+        img = i;
+    }
+
+    friend Complex operator+(Complex c1, Complex c2);
+
+    void print()
+    {
+        cout << real << " + " << img << "i" << endl;
+    }
+};
+
+Complex operator+(Complex c1, Complex c2)
+{
+    Complex temp;
+    temp.real = c1.real + c2.real;
+    temp.img = c1.img + c2.img;
+    return temp;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    Complex c1(3, 6);
+    Complex c2(5, 4);
+
+    Complex c3;
+
+    c3 = c1 + c2; //operator+(c1,c2);
+
+    c3.print();
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/9. OperatorOverloading/InsertionOperatorOverloading.cpp b/9. OperatorOverloading/InsertionOperatorOverloading.cpp
index 52dab3e..671532b 100644
--- a/9. OperatorOverloading/InsertionOperatorOverloading.cpp	
+++ b/9. OperatorOverloading/InsertionOperatorOverloading.cpp	
@@ -1,53 +1,53 @@
-// Stream operator overloading
-// Input stream cin >> (extraction) operator can be overloaded upon a class
-// output stream cout << (insertion) operator can be overloaded upon a class
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-//Program to demonstrate Operator '+' Overloading with friend function
-class Complex
-{
-private:
-    int real;
-    int img;
-
-public:
-    Complex(int r = 0, int i = 0)
-    {
-        real = r;
-        img = i;
-    }
-    //Overloading Binary '+' Operator
-    friend Complex operator+(Complex c1, Complex c2); //Function prototype
-    //Overloading Insertion Operator '<<'
-    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &print, Complex &c); //function Prototype
-};
-//Function Declaration
-Complex operator+(Complex c1, Complex c2)
-{
-    Complex temp;
-    temp.real = c1.real + c2.real;
-    temp.img = c1.img + c2.img;
-    return temp;
-}
-//Function Declaration
-ostream &operator<<(ostream &print, Complex &c)
-{
-    print << c.real << " + " << c.img << "i" << endl;
-    return print;
-}
-
-int main(void)
-{
-    Complex c1(3, 6);
-    Complex c2(5, 4);
-
-    Complex c3;
-
-    c3 = c1 + c2; //operator+(c1,c2);
-
-    // Using overloaded Insertion operator to display output to console
-    cout << c3 << endl; //operator<<(cout, c3);
-
-    return 0;
-}
+// Stream operator overloading
+// Input stream cin >> (extraction) operator can be overloaded upon a class
+// output stream cout << (insertion) operator can be overloaded upon a class
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+//Program to demonstrate Operator '+' Overloading with friend function
+class Complex
+{
+private:
+    int real;
+    int img;
+
+public:
+    Complex(int r = 0, int i = 0)
+    {
+        real = r;
+        img = i;
+    }
+    //Overloading Binary '+' Operator
+    friend Complex operator+(Complex c1, Complex c2); //Function prototype
+    //Overloading Insertion Operator '<<'
+    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &print, Complex &c); //function Prototype
+};
+//Function Declaration
+Complex operator+(Complex c1, Complex c2)
+{
+    Complex temp;
+    temp.real = c1.real + c2.real;
+    temp.img = c1.img + c2.img;
+    return temp;
+}
+//Function Declaration
+ostream &operator<<(ostream &print, Complex &c)
+{
+    print << c.real << " + " << c.img << "i" << endl;
+    return print;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+    Complex c1(3, 6);
+    Complex c2(5, 4);
+
+    Complex c3;
+
+    c3 = c1 + c2; //operator+(c1,c2);
+
+    // Using overloaded Insertion operator to display output to console
+    cout << c3 << endl; //operator<<(cout, c3);
+
+    return 0;
+}
 // Code By: Avinash Kumar.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/9. OperatorOverloading/RationalNumber.cpp b/9. OperatorOverloading/RationalNumber.cpp
index 60acc7a..96edc99 100644
--- a/9. OperatorOverloading/RationalNumber.cpp	
+++ b/9. OperatorOverloading/RationalNumber.cpp	
@@ -1,67 +1,67 @@
-// Program with a Class Rational Number
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-class Rational
-{
-private:
-    int p;
-    int q;
-
-public:
-    //Constructors
-    Rational()
-    {
-        p = 1;
-        q = 1;
-    }
-    Rational(int p, int q)
-    {
-        this->p = p;
-        this->q = q;
-    }
-    Rational(Rational &r)
-    {
-        this->p = r.p;
-        this->q = r.q;
-    }
-    //Accessors or Getters
-    int getP() { return p; }
-    int getQ() { return q; }
-
-    //Mutators or Setters
-    void setP(int p)
-    {
-        this->p = p;
-    }
-    void setQ(int q)
-    {
-        this->q = q;
-    }
-    //Overloading '+' Operator
-    Rational operator+(Rational r)
-    {
-        Rational t;
-        t.p = this->p * r.q + this->q * r.p;
-        t.q = this->q * r.q;
-        return t;
-    }
-    //Overloading Insertion Operator '<<'
-    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, Rational &r);
-};
-
-ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, Rational &r)
-{
-    os << r.p << "/" << r.q;
-    return os;
-}
-
-int main()
-{
-    Rational r1(3, 4), r2(2, 5), r3;
-    r3 = r1 + r2;
-    cout << "Sum of " << r1 << " and " << r2 << " is " << r3 << endl;
-
-    return 0;
-}
+// Program with a Class Rational Number
+#include <iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+class Rational
+{
+private:
+    int p;
+    int q;
+
+public:
+    //Constructors
+    Rational()
+    {
+        p = 1;
+        q = 1;
+    }
+    Rational(int p, int q)
+    {
+        this->p = p;
+        this->q = q;
+    }
+    Rational(Rational &r)
+    {
+        this->p = r.p;
+        this->q = r.q;
+    }
+    //Accessors or Getters
+    int getP() { return p; }
+    int getQ() { return q; }
+
+    //Mutators or Setters
+    void setP(int p)
+    {
+        this->p = p;
+    }
+    void setQ(int q)
+    {
+        this->q = q;
+    }
+    //Overloading '+' Operator
+    Rational operator+(Rational r)
+    {
+        Rational t;
+        t.p = this->p * r.q + this->q * r.p;
+        t.q = this->q * r.q;
+        return t;
+    }
+    //Overloading Insertion Operator '<<'
+    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, Rational &r);
+};
+
+ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, Rational &r)
+{
+    os << r.p << "/" << r.q;
+    return os;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    Rational r1(3, 4), r2(2, 5), r3;
+    r3 = r1 + r2;
+    cout << "Sum of " << r1 << " and " << r2 << " is " << r3 << endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}
 //Code By: Avinash Kumar
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index bcc9ebb..9e06129 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,444 +1,444 @@
-# Essentials Fundamental:
-
-- Fundamentals
-- How Computers Works
-- Introduction to Number System
-- What is a Program
-- Low-level & High-level languages
-- Compiler vs Interpreter
-- What is an Operating System
-
-# Program Development:
-
-- Programming Paradigms Methodologies
-- What is an algorithm
-- What is a Flow-chart
-- Steps for Program Development & Execution
-
-# C++ Basic:
-
-- Data Types, Variables
-- Operators
-- Compound Assignment Operator
-- Overflow of data-types
-- Bitwise Operators
-- Logical Operator
-- enum & typedef
-
-# Conditional Statements:
-
-- If and else is used for writing conditional statement.
-- If condition is true then if block is executed.
-- If condition is false then else block is executed.
-- 0 => means false.
-- 1 => means true or non-zero value is also true.
-- If can be nested inside if as well as else statement.
-- Nesting of is also written as else-if ladder.
-
-# Loops:
-
-- Loops are iterative statements.
-- Block of statements are repeatedly executed as long as condition is true.
-- Condition given in loop must become false after some finite iterations otherwise its a infinite loop.
-- Values used in condition must update inside the body of finite loop.
-- Four types of loops:
-  - pre-tested loop while()
-  - post-tested loop do..while()
-  - counter controlled loop for()
-  - for each loop for Collections for()
-
-# Arrays:
-
-- Array is a collection of similar data elements under one name, each element is accessible using its index.
-- Memory for array is allocated contiguously.
-- for-each loop is used for accessing array.
-- N-dimension arrays are supported by C++.
-- Two-Dimensional Arrays are sued for Matrices.
-- Array can be created in Stack or Heap Section of memory.
-
-# Pointer:
-
-- Pointer is address variable.
-- It can store the address of data.
-- Pointer are used for accessing heap memory.
-- 5 Arithmetic operations are allowed pointer:
-  - p++ => move pointer to next element.
-  - p-- => move pointer to previous element.
-  - p+k => gives address of kth element form pointer location to right.
-  - p-k => gives address of kth element from pointer location to left.
-  - q-p => gives number of elements between 2 pointers p and q.
-- Pointers can be of many levels.
-- Double pointer is used for accessing 2D arrays.
-
-# Reference:
-
-- Reference is a Alias of variable.
-- It must be initialised when declared.
-- It doesn’t take any memory.
-- It cannot be modified to refer other variable.
-- Syntax for reference declaration is.
-- Int &y = x;
-
-# Functions:
-
-- Function is a module which performs a specific task
-- Functions are called by name
-- Rules for giving function name is same as variable name
-- Function can take 0 or more parameters
-- Function can return single value
-- Void function don’t return any value
-- Default return type is int
-
-# Function Overloading:
-
-- If More than one functions can have same name, but different parameter list, then they are overloaded functions
-- Return the is not considered in overloading
-- Function overloading is used for achieving compile time polymorphism
-
-# Function Template:
-
-- Function template are used for defining generic functions
-- They work for multiple datatypes
-- Datatype is decided based on the type of value passed
-- Datatype is a template variable
-- Function can have multiple template variables
-
-# Call by Address:
-
-- Address pf actual parameters are passed.
-- Formal parameters must be pointers
-- Formal parameters ca indirectly access actual parameters.
-- Changes done using formal parameters will reflect in actual parameters
-
-# Return by Address:
-
-- A function can return address of memory
-- It should not return address of local variables, which will be disposed after function ends
-- It can return address of memory allocated in heap
-
-# Return by Reference
-
-- A function cal return reference
-- It should not return reference of its local variables
-- It can return formal parameters if they are reference
-
-# Default Arguments
-
-- Parameters of a function can have default values
-- If a parameter is default then , passing its value is options
-- Function with default argument can be called with variable number of argument
-- Default values to parameters must be given from right side parameter
-- Default arguments are much useful in constructors
-- Default arguments are useful for defining overloaded functions
-
-# Static variables
-
-- They have local scope but remain in memory thru out the execution of program
-- They are created in code section
-- They are history-sensitive
-
-# Object-Oriented Programming:
-
-- Features of OOPS:
-  - Abstraction
-  - Data Hiding
-  - Inheritance
-  - Polymorphism
-
-# Classes:
-
-- Class is a blue print of an object.
-- Class in a group of objects.
-- Class is a design of object.
-
-# Many object can be created from same class:
-
-- Object consumes memory equal to sum of sizes of all data members
-- Member functions don’t occupy memory
-- Member functions are called depending on object
-- . Dot operator is used for accessing members of object
-- Memory allocated for object is also called as instance
-
-# A pointer of type class can be created:
-
-- A pointer can point on existing object
-- A new object can be created in heap using pointer
-- Arrow operator is used for accessing members of an object using pointer
-
-# Data Hiding:
-
-- Data members of a class class are usually declared as Private or Protected,
-- They can be accessed only inside the class and child classes
-- Data finding protects data from mishandling
-
-# Constructors:
-
-- Constructor is a member function of a class
-- It will have same name as class name
-- It will not have return type
-- Its should be public
-- It can be declared as private also in some cases
-- It is called when object is created
-- It is used for initialising an object
-- It can be overloaded
-- If its not defined then class will have a default constructor
-- Constructor can take default arguments
-
-# Types of constructors:
-
-- Non-argument constructor
-- Parameterised constructor
-- Copy constructor
-
-# All types of Member Functions:
-
-- Constructors - called when object is created
-- Accessors - used for knowing the value of data members
-- Mutators - used for changing value of data member
-- Facilitator - actual functions of class
-- Enquiry - used for checking if an object satisfies some condition
-- Destructor - used for releasing resources used by object
-
-# Operator Overloading:
-
-- Operator overloading is a compile-time polymorphism in which the operator is overloaded to provide the special meaning to the user-defined data type. Operator overloading is used to overload or redefines most of the operators available in C++. It is used to perform the operation on the user-defined data type. For example, C++ provides the ability to add the variables of the user-defined data type that is applied to the built-in data types.
-- The advantage of Operators overloading is to perform different operations on the same operand.
-
-![image](https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1VDUwHMnGRW8v0FbNwOv674J-zsLmkGTm)
-
-# Inheritance:
-
-- Acquiring the feature of existing class into a new class.
-- Deriving a class from a existing class.
-
-# Access Specifiers:
-
-- Private -> Accessible only inside a class
-- Protected -> Accessible inside a class and inside derived classes
-- Public -> accessible inside class, inside derived class and upon object
-
-# Ways of inheritance:
-
-- A class can be inherited in flowing ways
-- Publicly -> All members of base will have same accessibility in derived class
-- Protectedly -> All members of base will become protected in derived class
-- Privately -> All members of base will become private in derived class
-
-# Base class Pointer pointing to derived class object
-
-- Base class pointer can point on derived class object.
-- But only those functions which are in base class, can be called.
-- If derived class is having overrides functions they will not be called unless base class functions are declared as virtual.
-- Derived class pointer cannot point on base class object
-
-  > Example 1
-
-  ```
-  class Base
-  {
-  public:
-    void fun1()
-    {
-      cout<<"fun1 of Base"<<endl;
-    }
-  };
-  ```
-
-  > Example 2
-
-  ```
-  class Derived: public Base
-  {
-  public:
-    void fun2()
-    {
-      cout<<"fun2 of Derived"<<endl;
-    }
-  };
-
-  class Rectangle
-  {
-  public:
-    void area()
-    {
-      cout<<"Area of Rectangle"<<endl;
-    }
-  };
-
-  class Cuboid: public Rectangle
-  {
-  public:
-    void volume()
-    {
-      cout<<"Volume of Cuboid"<<endl;
-    }
-  };
-
-  ```
-
-  > Example 3
-
-  ```
-  class BasicCar
-  {
-  public:
-    void start()
-    {
-      cout<<"Car started"<<endl;
-    }
-  };
-
-  class AdvanceCar: public BasicCar
-  {
-  public:
-    void playMusic()
-    {
-      cout<<"Music Playing"<<endl;
-    }
-  };
-
-  ```
-
-# Virtual Functions
-
-- Virtual functions are used for achieving polymorphism
-- Base class can have virtual functions
-- Virtual functions can be overrides in derived class
-- Pure virtual functions must be overrides by derived class
-
-  > Example:
-
-  ```
-  class BasicCar
-  {
-  public:
-    virtual void start(){cout<<"BasicCar started"<<endl;}
-  };
-
-  class AdvanceCar: public BasicCar
-  {
-  public:
-    void start(){cout<<"AdvanceCar Started"<<endl;}
-  };
-
-  int main()
-  {
-    BasicCar *p=new AdvanceCar();
-    p->start();
-  }
-  ```
-
-# Polymorphism
-
-- Same name different actions
-- Runtime Polymorphism is achieved using function overriding
-- Virtual functions are abstract functions of base class
-- Derived class must override virtual function
-- Base class pointer pointing to derived class object and a override function is called
-
-  > Summary: class car is defined, then sub classes override, then base class method made as virtual the pure virtual
-
-  > Example:
-
-  ```
-
-    class Car
-    {
-    public:
-      virtual void start()=0;
-    };
-
-    class Innova:public Car
-    {
-    public:
-      void start(){cout<<"Innova Started"<<endl;}
-    };
-
-    class Swift:public Car
-    {
-    public:
-      void start(){cout<<"Swift Started"<<endl;}
-    };
-
-    int main()
-    {
-      //Car c;
-      Car *p=new Innova();
-      p->start();
-      p=new Swift();
-      p->start();
-    }
-  ```
-
-  > When we assign virtual function to 0. It is pure virtual function. Those function are must be overidded by the derived class.
-
-# Abstract class:
-
-- Class having pure virtual function is a abstract class
-- Abstract class can have concrete also.
-- Object of abstract class cannot be created
-- Derived class can must override pure virtual function, otherwise it will also become a abstract class.
-- Pointer of abstract class can be created
-- Pointer of abstract class can hold object of derived class
-- Abstract classes are used for achieving polymorphism
-- Base class can be:
-  - Concrete
-  - Abstract with some concrete and some pure virtual functions
-  - All virtual functions
-
-> Example:
-
-    ```
-    class Base //Abstract Class
-    {
-    public:
-      virtual void fun1()=0;
-      virtual void fun2()=0;
-    };
-
-    class Derived :public Base
-    {
-    public:
-      void fun1()
-      {
-        cout<<"fun1 of Derived"<<endl;
-      }
-      void fun2()
-      {
-        cout<<"fun2 of Derived"<<endl;
-      }
-    };
-
-    int main()
-    {
-      Derived d;
-      d.fun1();
-      d.fun2();
-    }
-    ```
-
-# Static Members
-
-- Static data members are members of a class
-- Only one instance of static members is created and shared by all objects
-- They can be accessed directly using class name
-- Static members functions are functions of a class, they can be called using class name, without creating object of a class.
-- They can access only static data members of a class, they cannot access non-static members of a class.
-
-  > Example:
-
-      ```
-      class Student{
-        public:
-          int rollNo;
-          static int admissionNo;
-
-          Student()
-          {
-            admissionNo;
-            rollNo = admissionNo;
-          }
-      };
-
-      int Student::admissionNo = 0;
-      ```
+# Essentials Fundamental:
+
+- Fundamentals
+- How Computers Works
+- Introduction to Number System
+- What is a Program
+- Low-level & High-level languages
+- Compiler vs Interpreter
+- What is an Operating System
+
+# Program Development:
+
+- Programming Paradigms Methodologies
+- What is an algorithm
+- What is a Flow-chart
+- Steps for Program Development & Execution
+
+# C++ Basic:
+
+- Data Types, Variables
+- Operators
+- Compound Assignment Operator
+- Overflow of data-types
+- Bitwise Operators
+- Logical Operator
+- enum & typedef
+
+# Conditional Statements:
+
+- If and else is used for writing conditional statement.
+- If condition is true then if block is executed.
+- If condition is false then else block is executed.
+- 0 => means false.
+- 1 => means true or non-zero value is also true.
+- If can be nested inside if as well as else statement.
+- Nesting of is also written as else-if ladder.
+
+# Loops:
+
+- Loops are iterative statements.
+- Block of statements are repeatedly executed as long as condition is true.
+- Condition given in loop must become false after some finite iterations otherwise its a infinite loop.
+- Values used in condition must update inside the body of finite loop.
+- Four types of loops:
+  - pre-tested loop while()
+  - post-tested loop do..while()
+  - counter controlled loop for()
+  - for each loop for Collections for()
+
+# Arrays:
+
+- Array is a collection of similar data elements under one name, each element is accessible using its index.
+- Memory for array is allocated contiguously.
+- for-each loop is used for accessing array.
+- N-dimension arrays are supported by C++.
+- Two-Dimensional Arrays are sued for Matrices.
+- Array can be created in Stack or Heap Section of memory.
+
+# Pointer:
+
+- Pointer is address variable.
+- It can store the address of data.
+- Pointer are used for accessing heap memory.
+- 5 Arithmetic operations are allowed pointer:
+  - p++ => move pointer to next element.
+  - p-- => move pointer to previous element.
+  - p+k => gives address of kth element form pointer location to right.
+  - p-k => gives address of kth element from pointer location to left.
+  - q-p => gives number of elements between 2 pointers p and q.
+- Pointers can be of many levels.
+- Double pointer is used for accessing 2D arrays.
+
+# Reference:
+
+- Reference is a Alias of variable.
+- It must be initialised when declared.
+- It doesn’t take any memory.
+- It cannot be modified to refer other variable.
+- Syntax for reference declaration is.
+- Int &y = x;
+
+# Functions:
+
+- Function is a module which performs a specific task
+- Functions are called by name
+- Rules for giving function name is same as variable name
+- Function can take 0 or more parameters
+- Function can return single value
+- Void function don’t return any value
+- Default return type is int
+
+# Function Overloading:
+
+- If More than one functions can have same name, but different parameter list, then they are overloaded functions
+- Return the is not considered in overloading
+- Function overloading is used for achieving compile time polymorphism
+
+# Function Template:
+
+- Function template are used for defining generic functions
+- They work for multiple datatypes
+- Datatype is decided based on the type of value passed
+- Datatype is a template variable
+- Function can have multiple template variables
+
+# Call by Address:
+
+- Address pf actual parameters are passed.
+- Formal parameters must be pointers
+- Formal parameters ca indirectly access actual parameters.
+- Changes done using formal parameters will reflect in actual parameters
+
+# Return by Address:
+
+- A function can return address of memory
+- It should not return address of local variables, which will be disposed after function ends
+- It can return address of memory allocated in heap
+
+# Return by Reference
+
+- A function cal return reference
+- It should not return reference of its local variables
+- It can return formal parameters if they are reference
+
+# Default Arguments
+
+- Parameters of a function can have default values
+- If a parameter is default then , passing its value is options
+- Function with default argument can be called with variable number of argument
+- Default values to parameters must be given from right side parameter
+- Default arguments are much useful in constructors
+- Default arguments are useful for defining overloaded functions
+
+# Static variables
+
+- They have local scope but remain in memory thru out the execution of program
+- They are created in code section
+- They are history-sensitive
+
+# Object-Oriented Programming:
+
+- Features of OOPS:
+  - Abstraction
+  - Data Hiding
+  - Inheritance
+  - Polymorphism
+
+# Classes:
+
+- Class is a blue print of an object.
+- Class in a group of objects.
+- Class is a design of object.
+
+# Many object can be created from same class:
+
+- Object consumes memory equal to sum of sizes of all data members
+- Member functions don’t occupy memory
+- Member functions are called depending on object
+- . Dot operator is used for accessing members of object
+- Memory allocated for object is also called as instance
+
+# A pointer of type class can be created:
+
+- A pointer can point on existing object
+- A new object can be created in heap using pointer
+- Arrow operator is used for accessing members of an object using pointer
+
+# Data Hiding:
+
+- Data members of a class class are usually declared as Private or Protected,
+- They can be accessed only inside the class and child classes
+- Data finding protects data from mishandling
+
+# Constructors:
+
+- Constructor is a member function of a class
+- It will have same name as class name
+- It will not have return type
+- Its should be public
+- It can be declared as private also in some cases
+- It is called when object is created
+- It is used for initialising an object
+- It can be overloaded
+- If its not defined then class will have a default constructor
+- Constructor can take default arguments
+
+# Types of constructors:
+
+- Non-argument constructor
+- Parameterised constructor
+- Copy constructor
+
+# All types of Member Functions:
+
+- Constructors - called when object is created
+- Accessors - used for knowing the value of data members
+- Mutators - used for changing value of data member
+- Facilitator - actual functions of class
+- Enquiry - used for checking if an object satisfies some condition
+- Destructor - used for releasing resources used by object
+
+# Operator Overloading:
+
+- Operator overloading is a compile-time polymorphism in which the operator is overloaded to provide the special meaning to the user-defined data type. Operator overloading is used to overload or redefines most of the operators available in C++. It is used to perform the operation on the user-defined data type. For example, C++ provides the ability to add the variables of the user-defined data type that is applied to the built-in data types.
+- The advantage of Operators overloading is to perform different operations on the same operand.
+
+![image](https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1VDUwHMnGRW8v0FbNwOv674J-zsLmkGTm)
+
+# Inheritance:
+
+- Acquiring the feature of existing class into a new class.
+- Deriving a class from a existing class.
+
+# Access Specifiers:
+
+- Private -> Accessible only inside a class
+- Protected -> Accessible inside a class and inside derived classes
+- Public -> accessible inside class, inside derived class and upon object
+
+# Ways of inheritance:
+
+- A class can be inherited in flowing ways
+- Publicly -> All members of base will have same accessibility in derived class
+- Protectedly -> All members of base will become protected in derived class
+- Privately -> All members of base will become private in derived class
+
+# Base class Pointer pointing to derived class object
+
+- Base class pointer can point on derived class object.
+- But only those functions which are in base class, can be called.
+- If derived class is having overrides functions they will not be called unless base class functions are declared as virtual.
+- Derived class pointer cannot point on base class object
+
+  > Example 1
+
+  ```
+  class Base
+  {
+  public:
+    void fun1()
+    {
+      cout<<"fun1 of Base"<<endl;
+    }
+  };
+  ```
+
+  > Example 2
+
+  ```
+  class Derived: public Base
+  {
+  public:
+    void fun2()
+    {
+      cout<<"fun2 of Derived"<<endl;
+    }
+  };
+
+  class Rectangle
+  {
+  public:
+    void area()
+    {
+      cout<<"Area of Rectangle"<<endl;
+    }
+  };
+
+  class Cuboid: public Rectangle
+  {
+  public:
+    void volume()
+    {
+      cout<<"Volume of Cuboid"<<endl;
+    }
+  };
+
+  ```
+
+  > Example 3
+
+  ```
+  class BasicCar
+  {
+  public:
+    void start()
+    {
+      cout<<"Car started"<<endl;
+    }
+  };
+
+  class AdvanceCar: public BasicCar
+  {
+  public:
+    void playMusic()
+    {
+      cout<<"Music Playing"<<endl;
+    }
+  };
+
+  ```
+
+# Virtual Functions
+
+- Virtual functions are used for achieving polymorphism
+- Base class can have virtual functions
+- Virtual functions can be overrides in derived class
+- Pure virtual functions must be overrides by derived class
+
+  > Example:
+
+  ```
+  class BasicCar
+  {
+  public:
+    virtual void start(){cout<<"BasicCar started"<<endl;}
+  };
+
+  class AdvanceCar: public BasicCar
+  {
+  public:
+    void start(){cout<<"AdvanceCar Started"<<endl;}
+  };
+
+  int main()
+  {
+    BasicCar *p=new AdvanceCar();
+    p->start();
+  }
+  ```
+
+# Polymorphism
+
+- Same name different actions
+- Runtime Polymorphism is achieved using function overriding
+- Virtual functions are abstract functions of base class
+- Derived class must override virtual function
+- Base class pointer pointing to derived class object and a override function is called
+
+  > Summary: class car is defined, then sub classes override, then base class method made as virtual the pure virtual
+
+  > Example:
+
+  ```
+
+    class Car
+    {
+    public:
+      virtual void start()=0;
+    };
+
+    class Innova:public Car
+    {
+    public:
+      void start(){cout<<"Innova Started"<<endl;}
+    };
+
+    class Swift:public Car
+    {
+    public:
+      void start(){cout<<"Swift Started"<<endl;}
+    };
+
+    int main()
+    {
+      //Car c;
+      Car *p=new Innova();
+      p->start();
+      p=new Swift();
+      p->start();
+    }
+  ```
+
+  > When we assign virtual function to 0. It is pure virtual function. Those function are must be overidded by the derived class.
+
+# Abstract class:
+
+- Class having pure virtual function is a abstract class
+- Abstract class can have concrete also.
+- Object of abstract class cannot be created
+- Derived class can must override pure virtual function, otherwise it will also become a abstract class.
+- Pointer of abstract class can be created
+- Pointer of abstract class can hold object of derived class
+- Abstract classes are used for achieving polymorphism
+- Base class can be:
+  - Concrete
+  - Abstract with some concrete and some pure virtual functions
+  - All virtual functions
+
+> Example:
+
+    ```
+    class Base //Abstract Class
+    {
+    public:
+      virtual void fun1()=0;
+      virtual void fun2()=0;
+    };
+
+    class Derived :public Base
+    {
+    public:
+      void fun1()
+      {
+        cout<<"fun1 of Derived"<<endl;
+      }
+      void fun2()
+      {
+        cout<<"fun2 of Derived"<<endl;
+      }
+    };
+
+    int main()
+    {
+      Derived d;
+      d.fun1();
+      d.fun2();
+    }
+    ```
+
+# Static Members
+
+- Static data members are members of a class
+- Only one instance of static members is created and shared by all objects
+- They can be accessed directly using class name
+- Static members functions are functions of a class, they can be called using class name, without creating object of a class.
+- They can access only static data members of a class, they cannot access non-static members of a class.
+
+  > Example:
+
+      ```
+      class Student{
+        public:
+          int rollNo;
+          static int admissionNo;
+
+          Student()
+          {
+            admissionNo;
+            rollNo = admissionNo;
+          }
+      };
+
+      int Student::admissionNo = 0;
+      ```