diff --git a/crates/iceberg/src/arrow/reader.rs b/crates/iceberg/src/arrow/reader.rs
index 488f41cf20..5cd97410ea 100644
--- a/crates/iceberg/src/arrow/reader.rs
+++ b/crates/iceberg/src/arrow/reader.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use arrow_arith::boolean::{and, and_kleene, is_not_null, is_null, not, or, or_kleene};
+use arrow_array::cast::AsArray;
+use arrow_array::types::{Float32Type, Float64Type};
 use arrow_array::{Array, ArrayRef, BooleanArray, Datum as ArrowDatum, RecordBatch, Scalar};
+use arrow_buffer::BooleanBuffer;
 use arrow_cast::cast::cast;
 use arrow_ord::cmp::{eq, gt, gt_eq, lt, lt_eq, neq};
 use arrow_schema::{
@@ -1509,6 +1512,35 @@ fn project_column(
     }
 }
 
+fn compute_is_nan(array: &ArrayRef) -> std::result::Result<BooleanArray, ArrowError> {
+    // Compute NaN over the contiguous values slice, then fold the null bitmap
+    // in with a single bitwise AND so that null slots become false.
+    let (is_nan, nulls) = match array.data_type() {
+        DataType::Float32 => {
+            let arr = array.as_primitive::<Float32Type>();
+            (
+                BooleanBuffer::from_iter(arr.values().iter().map(|v| v.is_nan())),
+                arr.nulls(),
+            )
+        }
+        DataType::Float64 => {
+            let arr = array.as_primitive::<Float64Type>();
+            (
+                BooleanBuffer::from_iter(arr.values().iter().map(|v| v.is_nan())),
+                arr.nulls(),
+            )
+        }
+        _ => unreachable!("is_nan is only valid for float types"),
+    };
+
+    let values = match nulls {
+        Some(nulls) => &is_nan & nulls.inner(),
+        None => is_nan,
+    };
+
+    Ok(BooleanArray::new(values, None))
+}
+
 type PredicateResult =
     dyn FnMut(RecordBatch) -> std::result::Result<BooleanArray, ArrowError> + Send + 'static;
 
@@ -1591,8 +1623,11 @@ impl BoundPredicateVisitor for PredicateConverter<'_> {
         reference: &BoundReference,
         _predicate: &BoundPredicate,
     ) -> Result<Box<PredicateResult>> {
-        if self.bound_reference(reference)?.is_some() {
-            self.build_always_true()
+        if let Some(idx) = self.bound_reference(reference)? {
+            Ok(Box::new(move |batch| {
+                let column = project_column(&batch, idx)?;
+                compute_is_nan(&column)
+            }))
         } else {
             // A missing column, treating it as null.
             self.build_always_false()
@@ -1604,8 +1639,12 @@ impl BoundPredicateVisitor for PredicateConverter<'_> {
         reference: &BoundReference,
         _predicate: &BoundPredicate,
     ) -> Result<Box<PredicateResult>> {
-        if self.bound_reference(reference)?.is_some() {
-            self.build_always_false()
+        if let Some(idx) = self.bound_reference(reference)? {
+            Ok(Box::new(move |batch| {
+                let column = project_column(&batch, idx)?;
+                let is_nan = compute_is_nan(&column)?;
+                not(&is_nan)
+            }))
         } else {
             // A missing column, treating it as null.
             self.build_always_true()
@@ -2002,7 +2041,7 @@ mod tests {
     use std::sync::Arc;
 
     use arrow_array::cast::AsArray;
-    use arrow_array::{ArrayRef, LargeStringArray, RecordBatch, StringArray};
+    use arrow_array::{Array, ArrayRef, BooleanArray, LargeStringArray, RecordBatch, StringArray};
     use arrow_schema::{DataType, Field, Schema as ArrowSchema, TimeUnit};
     use futures::TryStreamExt;
     use parquet::arrow::arrow_reader::{RowSelection, RowSelector};
@@ -5464,4 +5503,81 @@ message schema {
             ts_array.value(0)
         );
     }
+
+    fn apply_predicate_to_batch(
+        predicate: Predicate,
+        schema: SchemaRef,
+        batch: RecordBatch,
+    ) -> BooleanArray {
+        use super::PredicateConverter;
+
+        let bound = predicate.bind(schema, true).unwrap();
+
+        // Build a trivial Parquet schema with one float column at field id 4
+        let message_type = "
+            message schema {
+              optional float qux = 4;
+            }
+        ";
+        let parquet_type = parse_message_type(message_type).expect("parse schema");
+        let parquet_schema = SchemaDescriptor::new(Arc::new(parquet_type));
+
+        let column_map = HashMap::from([(4i32, 0usize)]);
+        let column_indices = vec![0usize];
+
+        let mut converter = PredicateConverter {
+            parquet_schema: &parquet_schema,
+            column_map: &column_map,
+            column_indices: &column_indices,
+        };
+
+        let mut predicate_fn = visit(&mut converter, &bound).unwrap();
+        predicate_fn(batch).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_predicate_converter_nan() {
+        use arrow_array::Float32Array;
+
+        let schema = table_schema_simple();
+        let arrow_schema = Arc::new(ArrowSchema::new(vec![Field::new(
+            "qux",
+            DataType::Float32,
+            true,
+        )]));
+        let values = vec![Some(1.0f32), Some(f32::NAN), None, Some(0.0f32)];
+
+        // is_nan: non-null-propagating per Java's implementation - NULL → false
+        let batch = RecordBatch::try_new(arrow_schema.clone(), vec![Arc::new(Float32Array::from(
+            values.clone(),
+        ))])
+        .unwrap();
+        let result =
+            apply_predicate_to_batch(Reference::new("qux").is_nan(), schema.clone(), batch);
+        assert_eq!(
+            [
+                result.value(0),
+                result.value(1),
+                result.value(2),
+                result.value(3)
+            ],
+            [false, true, false, false]
+        );
+        assert!(!result.is_null(2));
+
+        // not_nan: non-null-propagating per Java's implementation - NULL → true
+        let batch =
+            RecordBatch::try_new(arrow_schema, vec![Arc::new(Float32Array::from(values))]).unwrap();
+        let result = apply_predicate_to_batch(Reference::new("qux").is_not_nan(), schema, batch);
+        assert_eq!(
+            [
+                result.value(0),
+                result.value(1),
+                result.value(2),
+                result.value(3)
+            ],
+            [true, false, true, true]
+        );
+        assert!(!result.is_null(2));
+    }
 }