diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 97ee25d658..f7d4c7df6e 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -3372,6 +3372,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "iceberg_test_utils",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
+ "lz4_flex",
  "minijinja",
  "mockall",
  "moka",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index d099398dbd..9cfe71a452 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -132,3 +132,4 @@ uuid = { version = "1.18", features = ["v7"] }
 volo = "0.10.6"
 volo-thrift = "0.10.8"
 zstd = "0.13.3"
+lz4_flex = "0.12.0"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/iceberg/Cargo.toml b/crates/iceberg/Cargo.toml
index 6f1332a444..b543e3063d 100644
--- a/crates/iceberg/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/iceberg/Cargo.toml
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ typed-builder = { workspace = true }
 url = { workspace = true }
 uuid = { workspace = true }
 zstd = { workspace = true }
+lz4_flex = { workspace = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 ctor = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/crates/iceberg/src/error.rs b/crates/iceberg/src/error.rs
index 6ab3a78c8b..e6a76ba960 100644
--- a/crates/iceberg/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/iceberg/src/error.rs
@@ -63,6 +63,11 @@ pub enum ErrorKind {
 
     /// Catalog commit failed due to outdated metadata
     CatalogCommitConflicts,
+
+    /// An I/O error occurred during filesystem or object store operations (e.g., file not found,
+    /// permission denied, network timeout, disk full, etc.).
+    /// Typically recoverable with retries, but may require manual intervention in persistent cases.
+    IOError,
 }
 
 impl ErrorKind {
@@ -84,6 +89,7 @@ impl From<ErrorKind> for &'static str {
             ErrorKind::NamespaceNotFound => "NamespaceNotFound",
             ErrorKind::PreconditionFailed => "PreconditionFailed",
             ErrorKind::CatalogCommitConflicts => "CatalogCommitConflicts",
+            ErrorKind::IOError => "IOError",
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/iceberg/src/puffin/compression.rs b/crates/iceberg/src/puffin/compression.rs
index a9a56ef12c..bd60d159d7 100644
--- a/crates/iceberg/src/puffin/compression.rs
+++ b/crates/iceberg/src/puffin/compression.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+
+use lz4_flex::frame::{FrameDecoder, FrameEncoder};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{Error, ErrorKind, Result};
@@ -36,10 +39,14 @@ impl CompressionCodec {
     pub(crate) fn decompress(&self, bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
         match self {
             CompressionCodec::None => Ok(bytes),
-            CompressionCodec::Lz4 => Err(Error::new(
-                ErrorKind::FeatureUnsupported,
-                "LZ4 decompression is not supported currently",
-            )),
+            CompressionCodec::Lz4 => {
+                let mut decoder = FrameDecoder::new(&bytes[..]);
+                let mut decompressed = Vec::new();
+                decoder
+                    .read_to_end(&mut decompressed)
+                    .map_err(|e| Error::new(ErrorKind::IOError, e.to_string()))?;
+                Ok(decompressed)
+            }
             CompressionCodec::Zstd => {
                 let decompressed = zstd::stream::decode_all(&bytes[..])?;
                 Ok(decompressed)
@@ -50,10 +57,16 @@ impl CompressionCodec {
     pub(crate) fn compress(&self, bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
         match self {
             CompressionCodec::None => Ok(bytes),
-            CompressionCodec::Lz4 => Err(Error::new(
-                ErrorKind::FeatureUnsupported,
-                "LZ4 compression is not supported currently",
-            )),
+            CompressionCodec::Lz4 => {
+                let mut encoder = FrameEncoder::new(Vec::new());
+                encoder
+                    .write_all(&bytes)
+                    .map_err(|e| Error::new(ErrorKind::IOError, e.to_string()))?;
+                let compressed = encoder
+                    .finish()
+                    .map_err(|e| Error::new(ErrorKind::IOError, e.to_string()))?;
+                Ok(compressed)
+            }
             CompressionCodec::Zstd => {
                 let writer = Vec::<u8>::new();
                 let mut encoder = zstd::stream::Encoder::new(writer, 3)?;
@@ -90,23 +103,19 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_compression_codec_lz4() {
         let compression_codec = CompressionCodec::Lz4;
-        let bytes_vec = [0_u8; 100].to_vec();
 
-        assert_eq!(
-            compression_codec
-                .compress(bytes_vec.clone())
-                .unwrap_err()
-                .to_string(),
-            "FeatureUnsupported => LZ4 compression is not supported currently",
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            compression_codec
-                .decompress(bytes_vec.clone())
-                .unwrap_err()
-                .to_string(),
-            "FeatureUnsupported => LZ4 decompression is not supported currently",
-        )
+        // Highly compressible data: all zeros
+        let data = vec![0u8; 10_000];
+        let compressed = compression_codec.compress(data.clone()).unwrap();
+        assert!(compressed.len() < data.len() / 2); // Should compress to less than half the original size
+        let decompressed = compression_codec.decompress(compressed).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(decompressed, data);
+
+        // Empty input
+        let empty = vec![];
+        let compressed_empty = compression_codec.compress(empty.clone()).unwrap();
+        let decompressed_empty = compression_codec.decompress(compressed_empty).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(decompressed_empty, empty);
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -120,4 +129,23 @@ mod tests {
         let decompressed = compression_codec.decompress(compressed.clone()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(decompressed, bytes_vec)
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_lz4_roundtrip() {
+        let data: Vec<u8> = (0..10_000).map(|i| (i % 256) as u8).collect();
+
+        let compressed = CompressionCodec::Lz4.compress(data.clone()).unwrap();
+        assert!(compressed.len() < data.len());
+
+        let decompressed = CompressionCodec::Lz4.decompress(compressed).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(data, decompressed);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_lz4_empty() {
+        let empty = vec![];
+        let compressed = CompressionCodec::Lz4.compress(empty.clone()).unwrap();
+        let decompressed = CompressionCodec::Lz4.decompress(compressed).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(empty, decompressed);
+    }
 }