diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/xml/secure/MethodHandleFactory.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/xml/secure/MethodHandleFactory.java
index d49837a9..75b8c996 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/xml/secure/MethodHandleFactory.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/xml/secure/MethodHandleFactory.java
@@ -56,7 +56,11 @@ static <T, E extends Throwable> T invokeExact(final ThrowableCallable<T> methodH
             if (rethrow.isInstance(e)) {
                 throw rethrow.cast(e);
             }
-            // Unreachable: the looked-up method declares no other exceptions.
+            if (e instanceof Error) {
+                // A JVM error (OutOfMemoryError, ...) must keep its type; only exceptions are wrapped.
+                throw (Error) e;
+            }
+            // The looked-up method declares no checked exceptions besides rethrow's type, so this wraps runtime exceptions only.
             throw new IllegalStateException(e);
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/xml/secure/MethodHandleFactoryTest.java b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/xml/secure/MethodHandleFactoryTest.java
index c6c9d2ec..01963b56 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/xml/secure/MethodHandleFactoryTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/xml/secure/MethodHandleFactoryTest.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertInstanceOf;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
@@ -54,9 +55,20 @@ void findStaticReturnsNullForMissingMethod() {
 
     @Test
     void invokeExactRethrowsDeclaredException() {
-        assertThrows(FactoryConfigurationError.class, () -> MethodHandleFactory.invokeExact(() -> {
-            throw new FactoryConfigurationError("boom");
+        final FactoryConfigurationError declared = new FactoryConfigurationError("boom");
+        final FactoryConfigurationError thrown = assertThrows(FactoryConfigurationError.class, () -> MethodHandleFactory.invokeExact(() -> {
+            throw declared;
         }, FactoryConfigurationError.class), "an exception of the declared type must be rethrown");
+        assertSame(declared, thrown, "the declared exception must propagate unchanged");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void invokeExactRethrowsUndeclaredError() {
+        final OutOfMemoryError error = new OutOfMemoryError("boom");
+        final OutOfMemoryError thrown = assertThrows(OutOfMemoryError.class, () -> MethodHandleFactory.invokeExact(() -> {
+            throw error;
+        }, FactoryConfigurationError.class), "a JVM error must keep its type");
+        assertSame(error, thrown, "the error must propagate unchanged");
     }
 
     @Test