[C++][FlightSQL][ODBC][CI] Run ODBC test executables in CI using `cpp_test.sh`

[alinaliBQ]

Describe the enhancement requested

Due to blockers at #48019 (comment), running ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh in MSVC for ODBC was previously blocked. Now ODBC tests can be run with cpp_test.sh, so we can enable the tests

Parent Issue:
#30622

Component(s)

FlightRPC, C++

[alinaliBQ]

Edited the issue, since now ODBC tests can be run with cpp_test.sh

[kou]

Issue resolved by pull request 49005
#49005