GH-49552: [C++][FlightRPC][ODBC] Enable ODBC test build on Linux #6520

Job	Run time
check-labels / Check labels	25s
JNI ubuntu-latest amd64	38m 34s
ODBC Linux	52m 17s
JNI macOS	35m 49s
JNI ubuntu-24.04-arm arm64v8	28m 59s
AMD64 Alpine Linux	40m 5s
AMD64 Debian C++23	17m 57s
ODBC release AMD64 macOS 15-intel	1h 21m 25s
ODBC debug AMD64 macOS 15-intel	1h 5m 25s
ODBC release ARM64 macOS 14	35m 36s
AMD64 Ubuntu Large Memory Tests	49m 15s
ODBC Windows	46m 32s
ODBC debug ARM64 macOS 14	36m 23s
AMD64 Ubuntu Meson	51m 29s
ARM64 Windows 11 MSVC / windows	28m 20s
ODBC release	0s
ODBC nightly	0s
report-extra-cpp	0s
	10h 8m 31s

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