GH-49727: [CI] Pin GitHub Actions to commit SHAs instead of tags #6145

Job	Run time
check-labels / Check labels	30s
ODBC Linux	38m 11s
JNI ubuntu-24.04-arm arm64v8	28m 48s
JNI macOS	36m 5s
AMD64 Ubuntu Meson	47m 50s
AMD64 Alpine Linux	7m 33s
JNI ubuntu-latest amd64	38m 59s
ODBC debug AMD64 macOS 15-intel	17m 30s
ODBC Windows	6m 14s
ODBC release ARM64 macOS 14	26m 33s
ODBC release AMD64 macOS 15-intel	42m 51s
ARM64 Windows 11 MSVC / windows	26m 22s
AMD64 Debian C++23	16m 57s
AMD64 Ubuntu Large Memory Tests	45m 30s
ODBC debug ARM64 macOS 14	18m 44s
ODBC nightly	0s
ODBC release	0s
report-extra-cpp	0s
	6h 38m 37s

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