GH-24157: [C++] Add tests for DayTimeIntervalBuilder #4262

Job	Run time
check-labels / Check labels	28s
JNI ${{ matrix.platform.runs-on }} ${{ matrix.platform.arch }}	-1s
matrix.title	-1s
ARM64 Windows 11 MSVC	-1s
report-extra-cpp	0s
ODBC	-1s
JNI macOS	-1s
	23s

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