diff --git a/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/auth/dto/response/UserIdResponse.kt b/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/auth/dto/response/UserIdResponse.kt
index 2432fe93..358bcd4d 100644
--- a/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/auth/dto/response/UserIdResponse.kt
+++ b/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/auth/dto/response/UserIdResponse.kt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package org.yapp.apis.auth.dto.response
 
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema
-import org.yapp.domain.token.RefreshToken.UserId
+import org.yapp.domain.user.User
 import java.util.*
 
 @Schema(
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ data class UserIdResponse(
     val userId: UUID
 ) {
     companion object {
-        fun from(userId: UserId): UserIdResponse {
+        fun from(userId: User.Id): UserIdResponse {
             return UserIdResponse(userId.value)
         }
     }
diff --git a/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/controller/UserController.kt b/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/controller/UserController.kt
index 5a8b6c84..b4235a0f 100644
--- a/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/controller/UserController.kt
+++ b/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/controller/UserController.kt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import jakarta.validation.Valid
 import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity
 import org.springframework.security.core.annotation.AuthenticationPrincipal
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*
-import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.FcmTokenRequest
+import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.DeviceRequest
 import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.NotificationSettingsRequest
 import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.TermsAgreementRequest
 import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.response.UserProfileResponse
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ class UserController(
         return ResponseEntity.ok(userProfile)
     }
 
-    @PutMapping("/me/fcm-token")
-    override fun updateFcmToken(
+    @PutMapping("/me/devices")
+    override fun registerDevice(
         @AuthenticationPrincipal userId: UUID,
-        @Valid @RequestBody request: FcmTokenRequest
+        @Valid @RequestBody request: DeviceRequest
     ): ResponseEntity<UserProfileResponse> {
-        val userProfile = userUseCase.updateFcmToken(userId, request)
+        val userProfile = userUseCase.registerDevice(userId, request)
         return ResponseEntity.ok(userProfile)
     }
 }
diff --git a/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/controller/UserControllerApi.kt b/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/controller/UserControllerApi.kt
index 88447bd4..e9849d01 100644
--- a/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/controller/UserControllerApi.kt
+++ b/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/controller/UserControllerApi.kt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping
-import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.FcmTokenRequest
+import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.DeviceRequest
 import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.NotificationSettingsRequest
 import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.TermsAgreementRequest
 import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.response.UserProfileResponse
@@ -122,14 +122,14 @@ interface UserControllerApi {
     ): ResponseEntity<UserProfileResponse>
 
     @Operation(
-        summary = "FCM 토큰 등록",
-        description = "사용자의 FCM 토큰을 등록합니다."
+        summary = "디바이스 등록",
+        description = "사용자의 디바이스를 등록합니다. 이미 등록된 디바이스인 경우 FCM 토큰을 업데이트합니다."
     )
     @ApiResponses(
         value = [
             ApiResponse(
                 responseCode = "200",
-                description = "FCM 토큰 등록 성공",
+                description = "디바이스 등록 또는 업데이트 성공",
                 content = [Content(schema = Schema(implementation = UserProfileResponse::class))]
             ),
             ApiResponse(
@@ -149,9 +149,9 @@ interface UserControllerApi {
             )
         ]
     )
-    @PutMapping("/me/fcm-token")
-    fun updateFcmToken(
+    @PutMapping("/me/devices")
+    fun registerDevice(
         @Parameter(hidden = true) @AuthenticationPrincipal userId: UUID,
-        @Valid @RequestBody @Parameter(description = "FCM 토큰 요청 객체") request: FcmTokenRequest
+        @Valid @RequestBody @Parameter(description = "디바이스 정보 요청 객체") request: DeviceRequest
     ): ResponseEntity<UserProfileResponse>
 }
diff --git a/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/dto/request/FcmTokenRequest.kt b/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/dto/request/DeviceRequest.kt
similarity index 55%
rename from apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/dto/request/FcmTokenRequest.kt
rename to apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/dto/request/DeviceRequest.kt
index 341e790f..90b5d36f 100644
--- a/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/dto/request/FcmTokenRequest.kt
+++ b/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/dto/request/DeviceRequest.kt
@@ -4,10 +4,18 @@ import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema
 import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank
 
 @Schema(
-    name = "FcmTokenRequest",
-    description = "DTO for FCM token update requests"
+    name = "DeviceRequest",
+    description = "DTO for device update requests"
 )
-data class FcmTokenRequest private constructor(
+data class DeviceRequest private constructor(
+    @field:Schema(
+        description = "디바이스 아이디",
+        example = "c8a9d7d0-4f6a-4b1a-8f0a-9d8e7f6a4b1a",
+        required = true
+    )
+    @field:NotBlank(message = "디바이스 아이디는 필수입니다.")
+    val deviceId: String? = null,
+
     @field:Schema(
         description = "FCM 토큰",
         example = "epGzIKlHScicTBrbt26pFG:APA91bG-ZPD-KMJyS-JOiflEPUIVvrp8l9DFBN2dlNG8IHw8mFlkAPok7dVPFJR4phc9061KPztkAIjBJaryZLnv6vIJXNGQsykzDcok3wFC9LrsC-F_aKY",
@@ -16,5 +24,6 @@ data class FcmTokenRequest private constructor(
     @field:NotBlank(message = "FCM 토큰은 필수입니다.")
     val fcmToken: String? = null
 ) {
+    fun validDeviceId(): String = deviceId!!.trim()
     fun validFcmToken(): String = fcmToken!!.trim()
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/service/UserService.kt b/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/service/UserService.kt
index 0f337672..43c8eff8 100644
--- a/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/service/UserService.kt
+++ b/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/service/UserService.kt
@@ -3,19 +3,21 @@ package org.yapp.apis.user.service
 import jakarta.validation.Valid
 import org.yapp.apis.auth.exception.AuthErrorCode
 import org.yapp.apis.auth.exception.AuthException
-import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.FcmTokenRequest
+import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.DeviceRequest
 import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.FindUserIdentityRequest
 import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.NotificationSettingsRequest
 import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.TermsAgreementRequest
 import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.response.UserAuthInfoResponse
 import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.response.UserProfileResponse
+import org.yapp.domain.device.DeviceDomainService
 import org.yapp.domain.user.UserDomainService
 import org.yapp.globalutils.annotation.ApplicationService
 import java.util.*
 
 @ApplicationService
 class UserService(
-    private val userDomainService: UserDomainService
+    private val userDomainService: UserDomainService,
+    private val deviceDomainService: DeviceDomainService
 ) {
     fun findUserProfileByUserId(userId: UUID): UserProfileResponse {
         val userProfile = userDomainService.findUserProfileById(userId)
@@ -45,9 +47,10 @@ class UserService(
         return UserProfileResponse.from(updatedUserProfile)
     }
 
-    fun updateFcmToken(userId: UUID, @Valid request: FcmTokenRequest): UserProfileResponse {
+    fun registerDevice(userId: UUID, @Valid request: DeviceRequest): UserProfileResponse {
         validateUserExists(userId)
-        val updatedUserProfile = userDomainService.updateFcmToken(userId, request.validFcmToken())
-        return UserProfileResponse.from(updatedUserProfile)
+        deviceDomainService.findOrCreateDevice(userId, request.validDeviceId(), request.validFcmToken())
+        val userProfile = userDomainService.findUserProfileById(userId)
+        return UserProfileResponse.from(userProfile)
     }
 }
diff --git a/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/usecase/UserUseCase.kt b/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/usecase/UserUseCase.kt
index 5e552bd1..b4e65cdf 100644
--- a/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/usecase/UserUseCase.kt
+++ b/apis/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/apis/user/usecase/UserUseCase.kt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package org.yapp.apis.user.usecase
 
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
-import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.FcmTokenRequest
+import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.DeviceRequest
 import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.NotificationSettingsRequest
 import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.request.TermsAgreementRequest
 import org.yapp.apis.user.dto.response.UserProfileResponse
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class UserUseCase(
     }
 
     @Transactional
-    fun updateFcmToken(userId: UUID, request: FcmTokenRequest): UserProfileResponse {
-        return userService.updateFcmToken(userId, request)
+    fun registerDevice(userId: UUID, request: DeviceRequest): UserProfileResponse {
+        return userService.registerDevice(userId, request)
     }
 }
diff --git a/batch/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/batch/config/InfraConfig.kt b/batch/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/batch/config/InfraConfig.kt
index 44294679..d521da40 100644
--- a/batch/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/batch/config/InfraConfig.kt
+++ b/batch/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/batch/config/InfraConfig.kt
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ import org.yapp.infra.InfraBaseConfigGroup
 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
 @EnableInfraBaseConfig(
     [
-        InfraBaseConfigGroup.JPA
+        InfraBaseConfigGroup.JPA,
+        InfraBaseConfigGroup.AOP,
+        InfraBaseConfigGroup.SENTRY
     ]
 )
-class InfraConfig {
-}
+class InfraConfig
diff --git a/batch/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/batch/job/fcm/FcmNotificationJobConfig.kt b/batch/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/batch/job/fcm/FcmNotificationJobConfig.kt
index 637eed6a..cdea77a5 100644
--- a/batch/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/batch/job/fcm/FcmNotificationJobConfig.kt
+++ b/batch/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/batch/job/fcm/FcmNotificationJobConfig.kt
@@ -4,220 +4,33 @@ import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
 import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling
 import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled
-import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
-import org.yapp.batch.service.FcmService
-import org.yapp.domain.notification.Notification
-import org.yapp.domain.notification.NotificationRepository
-import org.yapp.domain.notification.NotificationType
-import org.yapp.domain.user.User
-import org.yapp.domain.user.UserRepository
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
-import java.util.UUID
+import org.yapp.batch.service.NotificationService
 
 @Configuration
 @EnableScheduling
 class FcmNotificationJobConfig(
-    private val userRepository: UserRepository,
-    private val notificationRepository: NotificationRepository,
-    private val fcmService: FcmService
+    private val notificationService: NotificationService
 ) {
     private val logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FcmNotificationJobConfig::class.java)
 
-    @Scheduled(fixedRate = 60000)
-    @Transactional
-    fun checkAndSendNotifications() {
-        logger.info("Starting notification check job")
-
-        val sevenDaysAgo = LocalDateTime.now().minusDays(7)
-        val unrecordedUsers = userRepository.findByLastActivityBeforeAndNotificationEnabled(sevenDaysAgo, true)
-
-        val userNotificationsCache = mutableMapOf<UUID, List<Notification>>()
-
-        var unrecordedSuccessCount = 0
-        unrecordedUsers.forEach { user ->
-            val userNotifications = userNotificationsCache.getOrPut(user.id.value) {
-                notificationRepository.findByUserId(user.id.value)
-            }
-
-            val hasActiveUnrecordedNotification = userNotifications.any {
-                it.notificationType == NotificationType.UNRECORDED && it.isSent
-            }
-            if (!hasActiveUnrecordedNotification) {
-                if (userNotifications.isNotEmpty()) {
-                    val resetNotifications = userNotifications.filter {
-                        it.notificationType == NotificationType.UNRECORDED && !it.isSent
-                    }
-                    if (resetNotifications.isNotEmpty()) {
-                        logger.info("Sending new unrecorded notification to user ${user.id.value} after previous notification was reset. User lastActivity: ${user.lastActivity}")
-                    }
-                }
-                val (success, updatedNotifications) = sendNotificationToUser(
-                    user = user,
-                    title = "\uD83D\uDCDA 잠시 멈춘 기록.. 다시 이어가 볼까요?",
-                    message = "이번주에 읽은 책, 잊기 전에 기록해 보세요!",
-                    notificationType = NotificationType.UNRECORDED,
-                    existingNotifications = userNotifications
-                )
-                if (success) unrecordedSuccessCount++
-                if (updatedNotifications.isNotEmpty()) {
-                    userNotificationsCache[user.id.value] = updatedNotifications
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        val thirtyDaysAgo = LocalDateTime.now().minusDays(30)
-        val dormantUsers = userRepository.findByLastActivityBeforeAndNotificationEnabled(thirtyDaysAgo, true)
-
-        var dormantSuccessCount = 0
-        dormantUsers.forEach { user ->
-            val userNotifications = userNotificationsCache.getOrPut(user.id.value) {
-                notificationRepository.findByUserId(user.id.value)
-            }
-
-            val hasActiveDormantNotification = userNotifications.any {
-                it.notificationType == NotificationType.DORMANT && it.isSent
-            }
-            if (!hasActiveDormantNotification) {
-                if (userNotifications.isNotEmpty()) {
-                    val resetNotifications = userNotifications.filter {
-                        it.notificationType == NotificationType.DORMANT && !it.isSent
-                    }
-                    if (resetNotifications.isNotEmpty()) {
-                        logger.info("Sending new dormant notification to user ${user.id.value} after previous notification was reset. User lastActivity: ${user.lastActivity}")
-                    }
-                }
-                val (success, updatedNotifications) = sendNotificationToUser(
-                    user = user,
-                    title = "\uD83D\uDCDA Reed와 함께 독서 기록 시작",
-                    message = "그동안 읽은 책을 모아 기록해 보세요!",
-                    notificationType = NotificationType.DORMANT,
-                    existingNotifications = userNotifications
-                )
-                if (success) dormantSuccessCount++
-                if (updatedNotifications.isNotEmpty()) {
-                    userNotificationsCache[user.id.value] = updatedNotifications
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        resetNotificationsForActiveUsers()
-
-        logger.info("Completed notification check job. Successfully sent unrecorded notifications to $unrecordedSuccessCount out of ${unrecordedUsers.size} users and dormant notifications to $dormantSuccessCount out of ${dormantUsers.size} users")
-    }
-
-    @Transactional
-    protected fun resetNotificationsForActiveUsers() {
-        val sentNotifications = notificationRepository.findBySent(true)
-
-        sentNotifications.forEach { notification ->
-            val user = notification.user
-            val sentAt = notification.sentAt
-            val lastActivity = user.lastActivity
-
-            if (sentAt != null && lastActivity != null && lastActivity.isAfter(sentAt)) {
-                val updatedNotification = Notification.reconstruct(
-                    id = notification.id,
-                    user = user,
-                    fcmToken = notification.fcmToken,
-                    title = notification.title,
-                    message = notification.message,
-                    notificationType = notification.notificationType,
-                    isRead = notification.isRead,
-                    isSent = false,
-                    sentAt = null,
-                    createdAt = notification.createdAt,
-                    updatedAt = notification.updatedAt
-                )
-
-                notificationRepository.save(updatedNotification)
-                logger.info("Reset notification status for user ${user.id.value} as they have been active since the notification was sent (lastActivity: $lastActivity, sentAt: $sentAt)")
-            }
-        }
+    companion object {
+        private const val UNRECORDED_DAYS_THRESHOLD = 7
+        private const val DORMANT_DAYS_THRESHOLD = 30
     }
 
-    @Transactional
-    protected fun sendNotificationToUser(
-        user: User,
-        title: String,
-        message: String,
-        notificationType: NotificationType,
-        existingNotifications: List<Notification> = emptyList()
-    ): Pair<Boolean, List<Notification>> {
-        try {
-            val userNotifications = if (existingNotifications.isNotEmpty()) {
-                existingNotifications.toMutableList()
-            } else {
-                notificationRepository.findByUserId(user.id.value).toMutableList()
-            }
-
-            val existingNotification = userNotifications.find { it.notificationType == notificationType }
-
-            val fcmTokens = userNotifications.map { it.fcmToken }.filter { it.isNotBlank() }
-
-            if (fcmTokens.isEmpty()) {
-                if (existingNotification != null) {
-                    logger.info("No valid FCM tokens found for user: ${user.id.value}, using existing notification")
-                    return Pair(false, userNotifications)
-                }
-
-                val notification = Notification.create(
-                    user = user,
-                    title = title,
-                    message = message,
-                    notificationType = notificationType,
-                    isSent = false,
-                    sentAt = null
-                )
-
-                val savedNotification = notificationRepository.save(notification)
-                userNotifications.add(savedNotification)
-                logger.info("No FCM token found for user: ${user.id.value}, notification saved to database only")
-                return Pair(false, userNotifications)
-            }
-
-            val results = fcmService.sendMulticastNotification(fcmTokens, title, message)
-            logger.info("Sent notifications to user ${user.id.value}: ${results.size} successful out of ${fcmTokens.size}")
-
-            if (results.isNotEmpty()) {
-                if (existingNotification != null) {
-                    val updatedNotification = Notification.reconstruct(
-                        id = existingNotification.id,
-                        user = user,
-                        fcmToken = existingNotification.fcmToken,
-                        title = title,
-                        message = message,
-                        notificationType = notificationType,
-                        isRead = existingNotification.isRead,
-                        isSent = true,
-                        sentAt = LocalDateTime.now(),
-                        createdAt = existingNotification.createdAt,
-                        updatedAt = existingNotification.updatedAt
-                    )
-
-                    val savedNotification = notificationRepository.save(updatedNotification)
-                    val index = userNotifications.indexOfFirst { it.id == existingNotification.id }
-                    if (index >= 0) {
-                        userNotifications[index] = savedNotification
-                    }
-                    logger.info("Updated existing notification for user ${user.id.value} to sent")
-                } else {
-                    val notification = Notification.create(
-                        user = user,
-                        title = title,
-                        message = message,
-                        notificationType = notificationType,
-                        isSent = true,
-                        sentAt = LocalDateTime.now()
-                    )
-
-                    val savedNotification = notificationRepository.save(notification)
-                    userNotifications.add(savedNotification)
-                    logger.info("Created new notification for user ${user.id.value} with sent status")
-                }
-            }
-
-            return Pair(results.isNotEmpty(), userNotifications)
-        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            logger.error("Error sending notification to user ${user.id.value}", e)
-            return Pair(false, existingNotifications)
-        }
+    @Scheduled(fixedRate = 60000)
+    fun checkAndSendNotifications() {
+        logger.info("========== Starting FCM notification job ==========")
+
+        val (unrecordedUserCount, unrecordedDeviceCount) = notificationService.sendUnrecordedNotifications(UNRECORDED_DAYS_THRESHOLD)
+        val (dormantUserCount, dormantDeviceCount) = notificationService.sendDormantNotifications(DORMANT_DAYS_THRESHOLD)
+        notificationService.resetNotificationsForActiveUsers()
+
+        logger.info(
+            "========== Completed FCM notification job ========== \n" +
+            "Summary:\n" +
+            "  - Unrecorded: $unrecordedUserCount users, $unrecordedDeviceCount devices\n" +
+            "  - Dormant: $dormantUserCount users, $dormantDeviceCount devices"
+        )
     }
 }
diff --git a/batch/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/batch/service/NotificationService.kt b/batch/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/batch/service/NotificationService.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..13a9b393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/batch/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/batch/service/NotificationService.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+package org.yapp.batch.service
+
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
+import org.yapp.domain.device.DeviceDomainService
+import org.yapp.domain.device.vo.DeviceVO
+import org.yapp.domain.notification.NotificationDomainService
+import org.yapp.domain.notification.NotificationType
+import org.yapp.domain.user.User
+import org.yapp.domain.user.UserDomainService
+import org.yapp.domain.user.vo.NotificationTargetUserVO
+
+@Service
+class NotificationService(
+    private val userDomainService: UserDomainService,
+    private val notificationDomainService: NotificationDomainService,
+    private val deviceDomainService: DeviceDomainService,
+    private val fcmService: FcmService
+) {
+    private val logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NotificationService::class.java)
+
+    companion object {
+        private const val UNRECORDED_NOTIFICATION_TITLE = "📚 잠시 멈춘 기록.. 다시 이어가 볼까요?"
+        private const val UNRECORDED_NOTIFICATION_MESSAGE = "이번주에 읽은 책, 잊기 전에 기록해 보세요!"
+        private const val DORMANT_NOTIFICATION_TITLE = "📚 Reed와 함께 독서 기록 시작"
+        private const val DORMANT_NOTIFICATION_MESSAGE = "그동안 읽은 책을 모아 기록해 보세요!"
+    }
+
+    @Transactional
+    fun sendUnrecordedNotifications(daysThreshold: Int): Pair<Int, Int> {
+        return sendNotificationsByType(
+            daysThreshold = daysThreshold,
+            notificationType = NotificationType.UNRECORDED,
+            title = UNRECORDED_NOTIFICATION_TITLE,
+            message = UNRECORDED_NOTIFICATION_MESSAGE,
+            findUsers = { userDomainService.findUnrecordedUsers(it) }
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Transactional
+    fun sendDormantNotifications(daysThreshold: Int): Pair<Int, Int> {
+        return sendNotificationsByType(
+            daysThreshold = daysThreshold,
+            notificationType = NotificationType.DORMANT,
+            title = DORMANT_NOTIFICATION_TITLE,
+            message = DORMANT_NOTIFICATION_MESSAGE,
+            findUsers = { userDomainService.findDormantUsers(it) }
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun sendNotificationsByType(
+        daysThreshold: Int,
+        notificationType: NotificationType,
+        title: String,
+        message: String,
+        findUsers: (Int) -> List<NotificationTargetUserVO>
+    ): Pair<Int, Int> {
+        logger.info("Starting $notificationType notifications (threshold: $daysThreshold days)")
+
+        val users = findUsers(daysThreshold)
+        logger.info("Found ${users.size} $notificationType users")
+
+        var successUserCount = 0
+        var successDeviceCount = 0
+
+        users.forEach { user ->
+            val (success, deviceCount) = sendNotificationsToUser(
+                user = user,
+                title = title,
+                message = message,
+                notificationType = notificationType
+            )
+
+            if (success) {
+                successUserCount++
+                successDeviceCount += deviceCount
+            }
+        }
+
+        logger.info("Completed $notificationType notifications: $successUserCount users, $successDeviceCount devices")
+        return Pair(successUserCount, successDeviceCount)
+    }
+
+    private fun sendNotificationsToUser(
+        user: NotificationTargetUserVO,
+        title: String,
+        message: String,
+        notificationType: NotificationType
+    ): Pair<Boolean, Int> {
+        val userId = User.Id.newInstance(user.id)
+        if (notificationDomainService.hasActiveNotification(userId, notificationType)) {
+            logger.info("User ${user.id} already has active $notificationType notification, skipping")
+            return Pair(false, 0)
+        }
+
+        val devices = deviceDomainService.findDevicesByUserId(user.id)
+        if (devices.isEmpty()) {
+            logger.info("No devices found for user ${user.id}")
+            return Pair(false, 0)
+        }
+
+        val successDeviceCount = sendToDevices(devices, title, message)
+        if (successDeviceCount > 0) {
+            notificationDomainService.createAndSaveNotification(
+                userId = userId,
+                title = title,
+                message = message,
+                notificationType = notificationType
+            )
+            return Pair(true, successDeviceCount)
+        }
+
+        logger.info("Failed to send notification to any device for user ${user.id}")
+        return Pair(false, 0)
+    }
+
+    private fun sendToDevices(
+        devices: List<DeviceVO>,
+        title: String,
+        message: String
+    ): Int {
+        val validTokens = devices
+            .filter { it.fcmToken.isNotBlank() }
+            .map { it.fcmToken }
+
+        if (validTokens.isEmpty()) {
+            return 0
+        }
+
+        return try {
+            val results = fcmService.sendMulticastNotification(validTokens, title, message)
+            results.size
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            logger.error("Error sending notifications to devices", e)
+            0
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Transactional
+    fun resetNotificationsForActiveUsers() {
+        val sentNotifications = notificationDomainService.findSentNotifications()
+
+        sentNotifications.forEach { notification ->
+            val sentAt = notification.sentAt
+            if (sentAt != null) {
+                try {
+                    val user = userDomainService.findNotificationTargetUserById(notification.userId.value)
+                    val lastActivity = user.lastActivity
+
+                    if (lastActivity != null && lastActivity.isAfter(sentAt)) {
+                        val resetNotification = notification.reset()
+                        notificationDomainService.save(resetNotification)
+                    }
+                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                    logger.warn("Failed to reset notification for user ${notification.userId.value}", e)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/device/Device.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/device/Device.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c5f935f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/device/Device.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package org.yapp.domain.device
+
+import org.yapp.domain.user.User
+import org.yapp.globalutils.util.UuidGenerator
+import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.util.UUID
+
+data class Device private constructor(
+    val id: Id,
+    val userId: User.Id,
+    val deviceId: String,
+    val fcmToken: String,
+    val createdAt: LocalDateTime? = null,
+    val updatedAt: LocalDateTime? = null
+) {
+    companion object {
+        fun create(
+            userId: UUID,
+            deviceId: String,
+            fcmToken: String
+        ): Device {
+            return Device(
+                id = Id.newInstance(UuidGenerator.create()),
+                userId = User.Id.newInstance(userId),
+                deviceId = deviceId,
+                fcmToken = fcmToken
+            )
+        }
+
+        fun reconstruct(
+            id: Id,
+            userId: User.Id,
+            deviceId: String,
+            fcmToken: String,
+            createdAt: LocalDateTime?,
+            updatedAt: LocalDateTime?
+        ): Device {
+            return Device(
+                id = id,
+                userId = userId,
+                deviceId = deviceId,
+                fcmToken = fcmToken,
+                createdAt = createdAt,
+                updatedAt = updatedAt
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    @JvmInline
+    value class Id(val value: UUID) {
+        companion object {
+            fun newInstance(value: UUID) = Id(value)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/device/DeviceDomainService.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/device/DeviceDomainService.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3fb7484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/device/DeviceDomainService.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package org.yapp.domain.device
+
+import org.yapp.domain.device.vo.DeviceVO
+import org.yapp.globalutils.annotation.DomainService
+import java.util.UUID
+
+@DomainService
+class DeviceDomainService(
+    private val deviceRepository: DeviceRepository
+) {
+    fun findOrCreateDevice(userId: UUID, deviceId: String, fcmToken: String) {
+        val device = deviceRepository.findByDeviceId(deviceId)
+        if (device == null) {
+            val newDevice = Device.create(userId, deviceId, fcmToken)
+            deviceRepository.save(newDevice)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun findDevicesByUserId(userId: UUID): List<DeviceVO> {
+        return deviceRepository.findByUserId(userId)
+            .map { DeviceVO.from(it) }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/device/DeviceRepository.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/device/DeviceRepository.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84186cbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/device/DeviceRepository.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package org.yapp.domain.device
+
+import java.util.UUID
+
+interface DeviceRepository {
+    fun findByDeviceId(deviceId: String): Device?
+    fun save(device: Device): Device
+    fun findByUserId(userId: UUID): List<Device>
+}
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/device/vo/DeviceVO.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/device/vo/DeviceVO.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b4b16629
--- /dev/null
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/device/vo/DeviceVO.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package org.yapp.domain.device.vo
+
+import org.yapp.domain.device.Device
+import java.util.UUID
+
+data class DeviceVO private constructor(
+    val id: UUID,
+    val userId: UUID,
+    val fcmToken: String
+) {
+    companion object {
+        fun from(device: Device): DeviceVO {
+            return DeviceVO(
+                id = device.id.value,
+                userId = device.userId.value,
+                fcmToken = device.fcmToken
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/notification/Notification.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/notification/Notification.kt
index 91c204af..9326e485 100644
--- a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/notification/Notification.kt
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/notification/Notification.kt
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ import java.util.UUID
 
 data class Notification private constructor(
     val id: Id,
-    val user: User,
-    val fcmToken: String,
+    val userId: User.Id,
     val title: String,
     val message: String,
     val notificationType: NotificationType,
@@ -18,16 +17,16 @@ data class Notification private constructor(
     val createdAt: LocalDateTime? = null,
     val updatedAt: LocalDateTime? = null
 ) {
-    @JvmInline
-    value class Id(val value: UUID) {
-        companion object {
-            fun newInstance(value: UUID) = Id(value)
-        }
+    fun reset(): Notification {
+        return this.copy(
+            isSent = false,
+            sentAt = null
+        )
     }
 
     companion object {
         fun create(
-            user: User,
+            userId: UUID,
             title: String,
             message: String,
             notificationType: NotificationType,
@@ -36,8 +35,7 @@ data class Notification private constructor(
         ): Notification {
             return Notification(
                 id = Id.newInstance(UuidGenerator.create()),
-                user = user,
-                fcmToken = findFcmTokenForUser(user),
+                userId = User.Id.newInstance(userId),
                 title = title,
                 message = message,
                 notificationType = notificationType,
@@ -48,8 +46,7 @@ data class Notification private constructor(
 
         fun reconstruct(
             id: Id,
-            user: User,
-            fcmToken: String,
+            userId: User.Id,
             title: String,
             message: String,
             notificationType: NotificationType,
@@ -61,8 +58,7 @@ data class Notification private constructor(
         ): Notification {
             return Notification(
                 id = id,
-                user = user,
-                fcmToken = fcmToken,
+                userId = userId,
                 title = title,
                 message = message,
                 notificationType = notificationType,
@@ -73,15 +69,12 @@ data class Notification private constructor(
                 updatedAt = updatedAt
             )
         }
+    }
 
-        /**
-         * Retrieves the FCM token from the User object
-         * 
-         * @param user The user to get the FCM token for
-         * @return The FCM token, or an empty string if not available
-         */
-        private fun findFcmTokenForUser(user: User): String {
-            return user.fcmToken ?: ""
+    @JvmInline
+    value class Id(val value: UUID) {
+        companion object {
+            fun newInstance(value: UUID) = Id(value)
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/notification/NotificationDomainService.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/notification/NotificationDomainService.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..809fd683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/notification/NotificationDomainService.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package org.yapp.domain.notification
+
+import org.yapp.domain.user.User
+import org.yapp.globalutils.annotation.DomainService
+import java.time.LocalDateTime
+
+@DomainService
+class NotificationDomainService(
+    private val notificationRepository: NotificationRepository
+) {
+    fun hasActiveNotification(userId: User.Id, notificationType: NotificationType): Boolean {
+        val userNotifications = notificationRepository.findByUserId(userId.value)
+        return userNotifications.any {
+            it.notificationType == notificationType && it.isSent
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun createAndSaveNotification(
+        userId: User.Id,
+        title: String,
+        message: String,
+        notificationType: NotificationType
+    ) {
+        val notification = Notification.create(
+            userId = userId.value,
+            title = title,
+            message = message,
+            notificationType = notificationType,
+            isSent = true,
+            sentAt = LocalDateTime.now()
+        )
+        notificationRepository.save(notification)
+    }
+
+    fun findSentNotifications(): List<Notification> {
+        return notificationRepository.findBySent(true)
+    }
+
+    fun save(notification: Notification) {
+        notificationRepository.save(notification)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/readingrecord/ReadingRecord.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/readingrecord/ReadingRecord.kt
index 64de8131..f7cf1cab 100644
--- a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/readingrecord/ReadingRecord.kt
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/readingrecord/ReadingRecord.kt
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 package org.yapp.domain.readingrecord
 
+import org.yapp.domain.userbook.UserBook
 import org.yapp.globalutils.util.UuidGenerator
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.util.*
 
 data class ReadingRecord private constructor(
     val id: Id,
-    val userBookId: UserBookId,
+    val userBookId: UserBook.Id,
     val pageNumber: PageNumber,
     val quote: Quote,
     val review: Review?,
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ data class ReadingRecord private constructor(
         ): ReadingRecord {
             return ReadingRecord(
                 id = Id.newInstance(UuidGenerator.create()),
-                userBookId = UserBookId.newInstance(userBookId),
+                userBookId = UserBook.Id.newInstance(userBookId),
                 pageNumber = PageNumber.newInstance(pageNumber),
                 quote = Quote.newInstance(quote),
                 review = Review.newInstance(review),
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ data class ReadingRecord private constructor(
 
         fun reconstruct(
             id: Id,
-            userBookId: UserBookId,
+            userBookId: UserBook.Id,
             pageNumber: PageNumber,
             quote: Quote,
             review: Review?,
@@ -80,13 +81,6 @@ data class ReadingRecord private constructor(
         }
     }
 
-    @JvmInline
-    value class UserBookId(val value: UUID) {
-        companion object {
-            fun newInstance(value: UUID) = UserBookId(value)
-        }
-    }
-
     @JvmInline
     value class PageNumber(val value: Int) {
         companion object {
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/readingrecord/ReadingRecordDomainService.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/readingrecord/ReadingRecordDomainService.kt
index 8749d8a5..ae1e2a80 100644
--- a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/readingrecord/ReadingRecordDomainService.kt
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/readingrecord/ReadingRecordDomainService.kt
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import org.yapp.domain.userbook.exception.UserBookNotFoundException
 import org.yapp.domain.userbook.exception.UserBookErrorCode
 
 @DomainService
-class ReadingRecordDomainService(
+class ReadingRecordDomainService( // TODO: readingRecordRepository만 남기고 제거
     private val readingRecordRepository: ReadingRecordRepository,
     private val tagRepository: TagRepository,
     private val readingRecordTagRepository: ReadingRecordTagRepository,
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/readingrecord/vo/ReadingRecordInfoVO.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/readingrecord/vo/ReadingRecordInfoVO.kt
index e27d1e90..95126d28 100644
--- a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/readingrecord/vo/ReadingRecordInfoVO.kt
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/readingrecord/vo/ReadingRecordInfoVO.kt
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 package org.yapp.domain.readingrecord.vo
 
 import org.yapp.domain.readingrecord.ReadingRecord
+import org.yapp.domain.userbook.UserBook
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 
 data class ReadingRecordInfoVO private constructor(
     val id: ReadingRecord.Id,
-    val userBookId: ReadingRecord.UserBookId,
+    val userBookId: UserBook.Id,
     val pageNumber: ReadingRecord.PageNumber,
     val quote: ReadingRecord.Quote,
     val review: ReadingRecord.Review?,
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/token/RefreshToken.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/token/RefreshToken.kt
index 87802a0b..82b5a591 100644
--- a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/token/RefreshToken.kt
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/token/RefreshToken.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package org.yapp.domain.token
 
+import org.yapp.domain.user.User
 import org.yapp.globalutils.util.UuidGenerator
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.util.*
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ import java.util.*
 data class RefreshToken private constructor(
     val id: Id?,
     val token: Token,
-    val userId: UserId,
+    val userId: User.Id,
     val expiresAt: LocalDateTime,
     val createdAt: LocalDateTime
 ) {
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ data class RefreshToken private constructor(
             return RefreshToken(
                 id = Id.newInstance(UuidGenerator.create()),
                 token = Token.newInstance(token),
-                userId = UserId.newInstance(userId),
+                userId = User.Id.newInstance(userId),
                 expiresAt = expiresAt,
                 createdAt = createdAt
             )
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ data class RefreshToken private constructor(
         fun reconstruct(
             id: Id,
             token: Token,
-            userId: UserId,
+            userId: User.Id,
             expiresAt: LocalDateTime,
             createdAt: LocalDateTime
         ): RefreshToken {
@@ -70,15 +71,4 @@ data class RefreshToken private constructor(
             }
         }
     }
-
-    @JvmInline
-    value class UserId(val value: UUID) {
-        override fun toString(): String = value.toString()
-
-        companion object {
-            fun newInstance(value: UUID): UserId {
-                return UserId(value)
-            }
-        }
-    }
 }
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/token/RefreshTokenDomainService.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/token/RefreshTokenDomainService.kt
index 75b4bd35..6f7c7c9c 100644
--- a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/token/RefreshTokenDomainService.kt
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/token/RefreshTokenDomainService.kt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package org.yapp.domain.token
 
 import org.yapp.domain.token.RefreshToken.Token
-import org.yapp.domain.token.RefreshToken.UserId
 import org.yapp.domain.token.exception.TokenErrorCode
 import org.yapp.domain.token.exception.TokenNotFoundException
+import org.yapp.domain.user.User
 import org.yapp.globalutils.annotation.DomainService
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.util.*
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class RefreshTokenDomainService(
         }
     }
 
-    fun getUserIdByToken(refreshToken: String): UserId {
+    fun getUserIdByToken(refreshToken: String): User.Id {
         val storedToken = refreshTokenRepository.findByToken(refreshToken)
             ?: throw TokenNotFoundException(TokenErrorCode.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND)
         return storedToken.userId
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/user/User.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/user/User.kt
index 961124f8..f4588c47 100644
--- a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/user/User.kt
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/user/User.kt
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ data class User private constructor(
     val role: Role,
     val termsAgreed: Boolean = false,
     val appleRefreshToken: String? = null,
-    val fcmToken: String? = null,
     val notificationEnabled: Boolean = true,
     val lastActivity: LocalDateTime? = null,
     val createdAt: LocalDateTime? = null,
@@ -43,12 +42,6 @@ data class User private constructor(
         )
     }
 
-    fun updateFcmToken(token: String?): User {
-        return this.copy(
-            fcmToken = token
-        )
-    }
-
     fun updateNotificationEnabled(enabled: Boolean): User {
         return this.copy(
             notificationEnabled = enabled
@@ -69,7 +62,6 @@ data class User private constructor(
             providerType: ProviderType,
             providerId: String,
             termsAgreed: Boolean = false,
-            fcmToken: String? = null,
             notificationEnabled: Boolean = true
         ): User {
             return User(
@@ -82,7 +74,6 @@ data class User private constructor(
                 role = Role.USER,
                 termsAgreed = termsAgreed,
                 appleRefreshToken = null,
-                fcmToken = fcmToken,
                 notificationEnabled = notificationEnabled,
                 lastActivity = LocalDateTime.now()
             )
@@ -97,7 +88,6 @@ data class User private constructor(
             providerId: String,
             role: Role,
             termsAgreed: Boolean = false,
-            fcmToken: String? = null,
             notificationEnabled: Boolean = true
         ): User {
             return User(
@@ -110,7 +100,6 @@ data class User private constructor(
                 role = role,
                 termsAgreed = termsAgreed,
                 appleRefreshToken = null,
-                fcmToken = fcmToken,
                 notificationEnabled = notificationEnabled,
                 lastActivity = LocalDateTime.now()
             )
@@ -126,7 +115,6 @@ data class User private constructor(
             role: Role,
             termsAgreed: Boolean = false,
             appleRefreshToken: String? = null,
-            fcmToken: String? = null,
             notificationEnabled: Boolean = true,
             lastActivity: LocalDateTime? = null,
             createdAt: LocalDateTime? = null,
@@ -143,7 +131,6 @@ data class User private constructor(
                 role = role,
                 termsAgreed = termsAgreed,
                 appleRefreshToken = appleRefreshToken,
-                fcmToken = fcmToken,
                 notificationEnabled = notificationEnabled,
                 lastActivity = lastActivity,
                 createdAt = createdAt,
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/user/UserDomainService.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/user/UserDomainService.kt
index c67501bd..f22d67e9 100644
--- a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/user/UserDomainService.kt
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/user/UserDomainService.kt
@@ -1,15 +1,11 @@
 package org.yapp.domain.user
 
+import org.yapp.domain.readingrecord.ReadingRecordRepository
 import org.yapp.domain.user.exception.UserErrorCode
 import org.yapp.domain.user.exception.UserNotFoundException
-import org.yapp.domain.user.vo.UserAuthVO
-import org.yapp.domain.user.vo.UserIdentityVO
-import org.yapp.domain.user.vo.UserProfileVO
-import org.yapp.domain.user.vo.WithdrawTargetUserVO
+import org.yapp.domain.user.vo.*
 import org.yapp.domain.userbook.UserBookRepository
-import org.yapp.domain.readingrecord.ReadingRecordRepository
 import org.yapp.globalutils.annotation.DomainService
-
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.util.*
 
@@ -24,6 +20,11 @@ class UserDomainService(
         return UserProfileVO.newInstance(user)
     }
 
+    fun findNotificationTargetUserById(id: UUID): NotificationTargetUserVO {
+        val user = userRepository.findById(id) ?: throw UserNotFoundException(UserErrorCode.USER_NOT_FOUND)
+        return NotificationTargetUserVO.from(user)
+    }
+
     fun findUserIdentityById(id: UUID): UserIdentityVO {
         val user = userRepository.findById(id) ?: throw UserNotFoundException(UserErrorCode.USER_NOT_FOUND)
         return UserIdentityVO.newInstance(user)
@@ -105,23 +106,14 @@ class UserDomainService(
         userRepository.deleteById(user.id.value)
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Updates the user's lastActivity value if they have registered or recorded a book in the last 7 days.
-     * If not, the lastActivity value remains unchanged (keeps the login date).
-     * 
-     * @param userId The user's ID
-     */
     fun updateLastActivity(userId: UUID) {
         val user = userRepository.findById(userId)
             ?: throw UserNotFoundException(UserErrorCode.USER_NOT_FOUND)
 
-        // Check if the user has registered or recorded a book in the last 7 days
         val sevenDaysAgo = LocalDateTime.now().minusDays(7)
 
-        // Check for book registrations in the last 7 days
         val recentBooks = userBookRepository.findByUserIdAndCreatedAtAfter(userId, sevenDaysAgo)
 
-        // Check for reading records in the last 7 days
         val userBooks = userBookRepository.findAllByUserId(userId)
         val userBookIds = userBooks.map { it.id.value }
         val recentRecords = if (userBookIds.isNotEmpty()) {
@@ -130,19 +122,11 @@ class UserDomainService(
             emptyList()
         }
 
-        // Update lastActivity only if the user has registered or recorded a book in the last 7 days
         if (recentBooks.isNotEmpty() || recentRecords.isNotEmpty()) {
             userRepository.save(user.updateLastActivity())
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Updates the user's notification settings
-     * 
-     * @param userId The user's ID
-     * @param notificationEnabled Whether notifications should be enabled
-     * @return Updated user profile
-     */
     fun updateNotificationSettings(userId: UUID, notificationEnabled: Boolean): UserProfileVO {
         val user = userRepository.findById(userId)
             ?: throw UserNotFoundException(UserErrorCode.USER_NOT_FOUND)
@@ -151,18 +135,38 @@ class UserDomainService(
         return UserProfileVO.newInstance(updatedUser)
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Updates the user's FCM token
-     * 
-     * @param userId The user's ID
-     * @param fcmToken The FCM token
-     * @return Updated user profile
-     */
-    fun updateFcmToken(userId: UUID, fcmToken: String): UserProfileVO {
-        val user = userRepository.findById(userId)
-            ?: throw UserNotFoundException(UserErrorCode.USER_NOT_FOUND)
+    fun findUnrecordedUsers(daysThreshold: Int): List<NotificationTargetUserVO> {
+        val targetDate = LocalDateTime.now().minusDays(daysThreshold.toLong())
 
-        val updatedUser = userRepository.save(user.updateFcmToken(fcmToken))
-        return UserProfileVO.newInstance(updatedUser)
+        val allUsers = userRepository.findByLastActivityBeforeAndNotificationEnabled(
+            LocalDateTime.now().plusDays(1),
+            true
+        )
+
+        return allUsers.filter { user ->
+            val userId = user.id.value
+            val recentBooks = userBookRepository.findByUserIdAndCreatedAtAfter(userId, targetDate)
+
+            if (recentBooks.isEmpty()) {
+                false
+            } else {
+                val userBooks = userBookRepository.findAllByUserId(userId)
+                val userBookIds = userBooks.map { it.id.value }
+
+                val recentRecords = if (userBookIds.isNotEmpty()) {
+                    readingRecordRepository.findByUserBookIdInAndCreatedAtAfter(userBookIds, targetDate)
+                } else {
+                    emptyList()
+                }
+
+                recentRecords.isEmpty()
+            }
+        }.map { NotificationTargetUserVO.from(it) }
+    }
+
+    fun findDormantUsers(daysThreshold: Int): List<NotificationTargetUserVO> {
+        val targetDate = LocalDateTime.now().minusDays(daysThreshold.toLong())
+        return userRepository.findByLastActivityBeforeAndNotificationEnabled(targetDate, true)
+            .map { NotificationTargetUserVO.from(it) }
     }
 }
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/user/vo/NotificationTargetUserVO.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/user/vo/NotificationTargetUserVO.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b7f17fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/user/vo/NotificationTargetUserVO.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package org.yapp.domain.user.vo
+
+import org.yapp.domain.user.User
+import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.util.UUID
+
+data class NotificationTargetUserVO private constructor(
+    val id: UUID,
+    val email: String,
+    val nickname: String,
+    val lastActivity: LocalDateTime?
+) {
+    companion object {
+        fun from(user: User): NotificationTargetUserVO {
+            return NotificationTargetUserVO(
+                id = user.id.value,
+                email = user.email.value,
+                nickname = user.nickname,
+                lastActivity = user.lastActivity
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/userbook/UserBook.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/userbook/UserBook.kt
index aa6dc0a1..d107264b 100644
--- a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/userbook/UserBook.kt
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/userbook/UserBook.kt
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 package org.yapp.domain.userbook
 
+import org.yapp.domain.book.Book
+import org.yapp.domain.user.User
 import org.yapp.globalutils.util.UuidGenerator
-import org.yapp.globalutils.validator.IsbnValidator
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.util.*
 
 data class UserBook private constructor(
     val id: Id,
-    val userId: UserId,
-    val bookId: BookId,
-    val bookIsbn13: BookIsbn13,
+    val userId: User.Id,
+    val bookId: Book.Id,
+    val bookIsbn13: Book.Isbn13,
     val coverImageUrl: String,
     val publisher: String,
     val title: String,
@@ -45,9 +46,9 @@ data class UserBook private constructor(
         ): UserBook {
             return UserBook(
                 id = Id.newInstance(UuidGenerator.create()),
-                userId = UserId.newInstance(userId),
-                bookId = BookId.newInstance(bookId),
-                bookIsbn13 = BookIsbn13.newInstance(bookIsbn13),
+                userId = User.Id.newInstance(userId),
+                bookId = Book.Id.newInstance(bookId),
+                bookIsbn13 = Book.Isbn13.newInstance(bookIsbn13),
                 coverImageUrl = coverImageUrl,
                 publisher = publisher,
                 title = title,
@@ -58,9 +59,9 @@ data class UserBook private constructor(
 
         fun reconstruct(
             id: Id,
-            userId: UserId,
-            bookId: BookId,
-            bookIsbn13: BookIsbn13,
+            userId: User.Id,
+            bookId: Book.Id,
+            bookIsbn13: Book.Isbn13,
             coverImageUrl: String,
             publisher: String,
             title: String,
@@ -95,28 +96,4 @@ data class UserBook private constructor(
             fun newInstance(value: UUID) = Id(value)
         }
     }
-
-    @JvmInline
-    value class UserId(val value: UUID) {
-        companion object {
-            fun newInstance(value: UUID) = UserId(value)
-        }
-    }
-
-    @JvmInline
-    value class BookId(val value: UUID) {
-        companion object {
-            fun newInstance(value: UUID) = BookId(value)
-        }
-    }
-
-    @JvmInline
-    value class BookIsbn13(val value: String) {
-        companion object {
-            fun newInstance(value: String): BookIsbn13 {
-                require(IsbnValidator.isValidIsbn13(value)) { "ISBN13 must be a 13-digit number." }
-                return BookIsbn13(value)
-            }
-        }
-    }
 }
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/userbook/vo/HomeBookVO.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/userbook/vo/HomeBookVO.kt
index 84ba184a..dd9ace90 100644
--- a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/userbook/vo/HomeBookVO.kt
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/userbook/vo/HomeBookVO.kt
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 package org.yapp.domain.userbook.vo
 
+import org.yapp.domain.book.Book
+import org.yapp.domain.user.User
 import org.yapp.domain.userbook.BookStatus
 import org.yapp.domain.userbook.UserBook
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 
 data class HomeBookVO private constructor(
     val id: UserBook.Id,
-    val userId: UserBook.UserId,
-    val bookId: UserBook.BookId,
-    val bookIsbn13: UserBook.BookIsbn13,
+    val userId: User.Id,
+    val bookId: Book.Id,
+    val bookIsbn13: Book.Isbn13,
     val coverImageUrl: String,
     val publisher: String,
     val title: String,
diff --git a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/userbook/vo/UserBookInfoVO.kt b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/userbook/vo/UserBookInfoVO.kt
index c5e7647b..415714d8 100644
--- a/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/userbook/vo/UserBookInfoVO.kt
+++ b/domain/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/domain/userbook/vo/UserBookInfoVO.kt
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 package org.yapp.domain.userbook.vo
 
+import org.yapp.domain.book.Book
+import org.yapp.domain.user.User
 import org.yapp.domain.userbook.BookStatus
 import org.yapp.domain.userbook.UserBook
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 
 data class UserBookInfoVO private constructor(
     val id: UserBook.Id,
-    val userId: UserBook.UserId,
-    val bookId: UserBook.BookId,
-    val bookIsbn13: UserBook.BookIsbn13,
+    val userId: User.Id,
+    val bookId: Book.Id,
+    val bookIsbn13: Book.Isbn13,
     val coverImageUrl: String,
     val publisher: String,
     val title: String,
diff --git a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/device/DeviceJpaRepository.kt b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/device/DeviceJpaRepository.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e2bacc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/device/DeviceJpaRepository.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package org.yapp.infra.device
+
+import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository
+import org.yapp.infra.device.entity.DeviceEntity
+import java.util.UUID
+
+interface DeviceJpaRepository : JpaRepository<DeviceEntity, UUID> {
+    fun findByDeviceId(deviceId: String): DeviceEntity?
+    fun findByUserId(userId: UUID): List<DeviceEntity>
+}
diff --git a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/device/DeviceRepositoryImpl.kt b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/device/DeviceRepositoryImpl.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a27f17dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/device/DeviceRepositoryImpl.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package org.yapp.infra.device
+
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository
+import org.yapp.domain.device.Device
+import org.yapp.domain.device.DeviceRepository
+import org.yapp.infra.device.entity.DeviceEntity
+import java.util.UUID
+
+@Repository
+class DeviceRepositoryImpl(
+    private val deviceJpaRepository: DeviceJpaRepository
+) : DeviceRepository {
+    override fun findByDeviceId(deviceId: String): Device? {
+        return deviceJpaRepository.findByDeviceId(deviceId)?.toDomain()
+    }
+
+    override fun save(device: Device): Device {
+        return deviceJpaRepository.save(DeviceEntity.fromDomain(device)).toDomain()
+    }
+
+    override fun findByUserId(userId: UUID): List<Device> {
+        return deviceJpaRepository.findByUserId(userId).map { it.toDomain() }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/device/entity/DeviceEntity.kt b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/device/entity/DeviceEntity.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91426181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/device/entity/DeviceEntity.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package org.yapp.infra.device.entity
+
+import jakarta.persistence.*
+import org.hibernate.annotations.JdbcTypeCode
+import org.yapp.domain.device.Device
+import org.yapp.domain.user.User
+import org.yapp.infra.common.BaseTimeEntity
+import java.sql.Types
+import java.util.UUID
+
+@Entity
+@Table(name = "device")
+class DeviceEntity(
+    @Id
+    @JdbcTypeCode(Types.VARCHAR)
+    @Column(length = 36, updatable = false, nullable = false)
+    val id: UUID,
+
+    @JdbcTypeCode(Types.VARCHAR)
+    @Column(name = "user_id", length = 36, nullable = false)
+    val userId: UUID,
+
+    @Column(name = "device_id", nullable = false)
+    var deviceId: String,
+
+    @Column(name = "fcm_token", nullable = false)
+    var fcmToken: String,
+) : BaseTimeEntity() {
+
+    fun toDomain(): Device {
+        return Device.reconstruct(
+            id = Device.Id.newInstance(this.id),
+            userId = User.Id.newInstance(this.userId),
+            deviceId = this.deviceId,
+            fcmToken = this.fcmToken,
+            createdAt = this.createdAt,
+            updatedAt = this.updatedAt
+        )
+    }
+
+    companion object {
+        fun fromDomain(device: Device): DeviceEntity {
+            return DeviceEntity(
+                id = device.id.value,
+                userId = device.userId.value,
+                deviceId = device.deviceId,
+                fcmToken = device.fcmToken
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/external/redis/entity/RefreshTokenEntity.kt b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/external/redis/entity/RefreshTokenEntity.kt
index 3fea9c13..f9bb0000 100644
--- a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/external/redis/entity/RefreshTokenEntity.kt
+++ b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/external/redis/entity/RefreshTokenEntity.kt
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id
 import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisHash
 import org.springframework.data.redis.core.index.Indexed
 import org.yapp.domain.token.RefreshToken
+import org.yapp.domain.user.User
 import org.yapp.globalutils.util.UuidGenerator
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.util.*
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ class RefreshTokenEntity private constructor(
     fun toDomain(): RefreshToken = RefreshToken.reconstruct(
         id = RefreshToken.Id.newInstance(this.id),
         token = RefreshToken.Token.newInstance(this.token),
-        userId = RefreshToken.UserId.newInstance(this.userId),
+        userId = User.Id.newInstance(this.userId),
         expiresAt = expiresAt,
         createdAt = createdAt
     )
diff --git a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/notification/entity/NotificationEntity.kt b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/notification/entity/NotificationEntity.kt
index b3abc5e0..6953c0b3 100644
--- a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/notification/entity/NotificationEntity.kt
+++ b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/notification/entity/NotificationEntity.kt
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import jakarta.persistence.*
 import org.hibernate.annotations.JdbcTypeCode
 import org.yapp.domain.notification.Notification
 import org.yapp.domain.notification.NotificationType
+import org.yapp.domain.user.User
 import org.yapp.infra.common.BaseTimeEntity
-import org.yapp.infra.user.entity.UserEntity
 import java.sql.Types
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.util.UUID
@@ -18,12 +18,9 @@ class NotificationEntity(
     @Column(length = 36, updatable = false, nullable = false)
     val id: UUID,
 
-    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
-    @JoinColumn(name = "user_id", nullable = false)
-    val user: UserEntity,
-
-    @Column(nullable = false)
-    var fcmToken: String,
+    @JdbcTypeCode(Types.VARCHAR)
+    @Column(name = "user_id", length = 36, nullable = false)
+    val userId: UUID,
 
     @Column(nullable = false)
     var title: String,
@@ -49,8 +46,7 @@ class NotificationEntity(
         fun fromDomain(notification: Notification): NotificationEntity {
             return NotificationEntity(
                 id = notification.id.value,
-                user = UserEntity.fromDomain(notification.user),
-                fcmToken = notification.fcmToken,
+                userId = notification.userId.value,
                 title = notification.title,
                 message = notification.message,
                 notificationType = notification.notificationType,
@@ -64,8 +60,7 @@ class NotificationEntity(
     fun toDomain(): Notification {
         return Notification.reconstruct(
             id = Notification.Id.newInstance(this.id),
-            user = this.user.toDomain(),
-            fcmToken = this.fcmToken,
+            userId = User.Id.newInstance(this.userId),
             title = this.title,
             message = this.message,
             notificationType = this.notificationType,
diff --git a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/notification/repository/JpaNotificationRepository.kt b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/notification/repository/JpaNotificationRepository.kt
index c1fbf0d1..f8b538c3 100644
--- a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/notification/repository/JpaNotificationRepository.kt
+++ b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/notification/repository/JpaNotificationRepository.kt
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository
 import java.util.UUID
 
 interface JpaNotificationRepository : JpaRepository<NotificationEntity, UUID> {
-    fun findByUser(user: UserEntity): NotificationEntity?
     fun findByUserId(userId: UUID): List<NotificationEntity>
     fun findByIsSent(isSent: Boolean): List<NotificationEntity>
 }
diff --git a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/notification/repository/impl/NotificationRepositoryImpl.kt b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/notification/repository/impl/NotificationRepositoryImpl.kt
index efbc343f..6cac407a 100644
--- a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/notification/repository/impl/NotificationRepositoryImpl.kt
+++ b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/notification/repository/impl/NotificationRepositoryImpl.kt
@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ class NotificationRepositoryImpl(
     }
 
     override fun findByUser(user: User): Notification? {
-        val userEntity = UserEntity.fromDomain(user)
-        return jpaNotificationRepository.findByUser(userEntity)?.toDomain()
+        return jpaNotificationRepository.findByUserId(user.id.value).firstOrNull()?.toDomain()
     }
 
     override fun findByUserId(userId: UUID): List<Notification> {
diff --git a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/readingrecord/entity/ReadingRecordEntity.kt b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/readingrecord/entity/ReadingRecordEntity.kt
index 66141de3..1b754912 100644
--- a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/readingrecord/entity/ReadingRecordEntity.kt
+++ b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/readingrecord/entity/ReadingRecordEntity.kt
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import org.hibernate.annotations.JdbcTypeCode
 import org.hibernate.annotations.SQLDelete
 import org.hibernate.annotations.SQLRestriction
 import org.yapp.domain.readingrecord.ReadingRecord
+import org.yapp.domain.userbook.UserBook
 import org.yapp.infra.common.BaseTimeEntity
 import java.sql.Types
 import java.util.*
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ class ReadingRecordEntity(
     fun toDomain(): ReadingRecord {
         return ReadingRecord.reconstruct(
             id = ReadingRecord.Id.newInstance(this.id),
-            userBookId = ReadingRecord.UserBookId.newInstance(this.userBookId),
+            userBookId = UserBook.Id.newInstance(this.userBookId),
             pageNumber = ReadingRecord.PageNumber.newInstance(this.pageNumber),
             quote = ReadingRecord.Quote.newInstance(this.quote),
             review = ReadingRecord.Review.newInstance(this.review),
diff --git a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/user/entity/UserEntity.kt b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/user/entity/UserEntity.kt
index 83f9cd0d..d3868f99 100644
--- a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/user/entity/UserEntity.kt
+++ b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/user/entity/UserEntity.kt
@@ -42,9 +42,6 @@ class UserEntity private constructor(
 
     appleRefreshToken: String? = null,
 
-    @Column(name = "fcm_token", length = 1024)
-    var fcmToken: String? = null,
-
     @Column(name = "notification_enabled", nullable = false)
     var notificationEnabled: Boolean = true,
 
@@ -83,7 +80,6 @@ class UserEntity private constructor(
         role = role,
         termsAgreed = termsAgreed,
         appleRefreshToken = appleRefreshToken,
-        fcmToken = fcmToken,
         notificationEnabled = notificationEnabled,
         lastActivity = lastActivity,
         createdAt = createdAt,
@@ -102,7 +98,6 @@ class UserEntity private constructor(
             role = user.role,
             termsAgreed = user.termsAgreed,
             appleRefreshToken = user.appleRefreshToken,
-            fcmToken = user.fcmToken,
             notificationEnabled = user.notificationEnabled,
             lastActivity = user.lastActivity
         )
diff --git a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/userbook/entity/UserBookEntity.kt b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/userbook/entity/UserBookEntity.kt
index 91b6b492..25db5f35 100644
--- a/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/userbook/entity/UserBookEntity.kt
+++ b/infra/src/main/kotlin/org/yapp/infra/userbook/entity/UserBookEntity.kt
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import jakarta.persistence.*
 import org.hibernate.annotations.JdbcTypeCode
 import org.hibernate.annotations.SQLDelete
 import org.hibernate.annotations.SQLRestriction
+import org.yapp.domain.book.Book
+import org.yapp.domain.user.User
 import org.yapp.domain.userbook.BookStatus
 import org.yapp.domain.userbook.UserBook
 import org.yapp.infra.common.BaseTimeEntity
@@ -71,9 +73,9 @@ class UserBookEntity(
 
     fun toDomain(): UserBook = UserBook.reconstruct(
         id = UserBook.Id.newInstance(this.id),
-        userId = UserBook.UserId.newInstance(this.userId),
-        bookId = UserBook.BookId.newInstance(this.bookId),
-        bookIsbn13 = UserBook.BookIsbn13.newInstance(this.bookIsbn13),
+        userId = User.Id.newInstance(this.userId),
+        bookId = Book.Id.newInstance(this.bookId),
+        bookIsbn13 = Book.Isbn13.newInstance(this.bookIsbn13),
         coverImageUrl = this.coverImageUrl,
         publisher = this.publisher,
         title = this.title,
diff --git a/infra/src/main/resources/application-persistence.yml b/infra/src/main/resources/application-persistence.yml
index 145871d4..941a12b2 100644
--- a/infra/src/main/resources/application-persistence.yml
+++ b/infra/src/main/resources/application-persistence.yml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ spring:
   jpa:
     database-platform: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect
     hibernate:
-      ddl-auto: update
+      ddl-auto: validate
     show-sql: true
     open-in-view: false
     properties:
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ spring:
         format_sql: true
 
   flyway:
-    enabled: false
+    enabled: true
     baseline-on-migrate: false
     validate-on-migrate: true
     locations: