diff --git a/packages/query-core/src/__tests__/mutationObserver.test.tsx b/packages/query-core/src/__tests__/mutationObserver.test.tsx
index 995156be41..abbcfeac42 100644
--- a/packages/query-core/src/__tests__/mutationObserver.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/query-core/src/__tests__/mutationObserver.test.tsx
@@ -383,4 +383,97 @@ describe('mutationObserver', () => {
 
     unsubscribe()
   })
+
+  describe('erroneous mutation callback', () => {
+    test('onSuccess and onSettled is transferred to different execution context where it is reported', async ({
+      onTestFinished,
+    }) => {
+      const unhandledRejectionFn = vi.fn()
+      process.on('unhandledRejection', (error) => unhandledRejectionFn(error))
+      onTestFinished(() => {
+        process.off('unhandledRejection', unhandledRejectionFn)
+      })
+
+      const onSuccessError = new Error('onSuccess-error')
+      const onSuccess = vi.fn(() => {
+        throw onSuccessError
+      })
+      const onSettledError = new Error('onSettled-error')
+      const onSettled = vi.fn(() => {
+        throw onSettledError
+      })
+
+      const mutationObserver = new MutationObserver(queryClient, {
+        mutationFn: (text: string) => Promise.resolve(text.toUpperCase()),
+      })
+
+      const subscriptionHandler = vi.fn()
+      const unsubscribe = mutationObserver.subscribe(subscriptionHandler)
+
+      mutationObserver.mutate('success', {
+        onSuccess,
+        onSettled,
+      })
+
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(0)
+
+      expect(onSuccess).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+      expect(onSettled).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+
+      expect(unhandledRejectionFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+      expect(unhandledRejectionFn).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, onSuccessError)
+      expect(unhandledRejectionFn).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, onSettledError)
+
+      expect(subscriptionHandler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+
+      unsubscribe()
+    })
+
+    test('onError and onSettled is transferred to different execution context where it is reported', async ({
+      onTestFinished,
+    }) => {
+      const unhandledRejectionFn = vi.fn()
+      process.on('unhandledRejection', (error) => unhandledRejectionFn(error))
+      onTestFinished(() => {
+        process.off('unhandledRejection', unhandledRejectionFn)
+      })
+
+      const onErrorError = new Error('onError-error')
+      const onError = vi.fn(() => {
+        throw onErrorError
+      })
+      const onSettledError = new Error('onSettled-error')
+      const onSettled = vi.fn(() => {
+        throw onSettledError
+      })
+
+      const error = new Error('error')
+      const mutationObserver = new MutationObserver(queryClient, {
+        mutationFn: (_: string) => Promise.reject(error),
+      })
+
+      const subscriptionHandler = vi.fn()
+      const unsubscribe = mutationObserver.subscribe(subscriptionHandler)
+
+      mutationObserver
+        .mutate('error', {
+          onError,
+          onSettled,
+        })
+        .catch(() => {})
+
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(0)
+
+      expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+      expect(onSettled).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+
+      expect(unhandledRejectionFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+      expect(unhandledRejectionFn).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, onErrorError)
+      expect(unhandledRejectionFn).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, onSettledError)
+
+      expect(subscriptionHandler).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2)
+
+      unsubscribe()
+    })
+  })
 })
diff --git a/packages/query-core/src/mutationObserver.ts b/packages/query-core/src/mutationObserver.ts
index abb2a5389c..21523963ce 100644
--- a/packages/query-core/src/mutationObserver.ts
+++ b/packages/query-core/src/mutationObserver.ts
@@ -172,33 +172,49 @@ export class MutationObserver<
         } satisfies MutationFunctionContext
 
         if (action?.type === 'success') {
-          this.#mutateOptions.onSuccess?.(
-            action.data,
-            variables,
-            onMutateResult,
-            context,
-          )
-          this.#mutateOptions.onSettled?.(
-            action.data,
-            null,
-            variables,
-            onMutateResult,
-            context,
-          )
+          try {
+            this.#mutateOptions.onSuccess?.(
+              action.data,
+              variables,
+              onMutateResult,
+              context,
+            )
+          } catch (e) {
+            void Promise.reject(e)
+          }
+          try {
+            this.#mutateOptions.onSettled?.(
+              action.data,
+              null,
+              variables,
+              onMutateResult,
+              context,
+            )
+          } catch (e) {
+            void Promise.reject(e)
+          }
         } else if (action?.type === 'error') {
-          this.#mutateOptions.onError?.(
-            action.error,
-            variables,
-            onMutateResult,
-            context,
-          )
-          this.#mutateOptions.onSettled?.(
-            undefined,
-            action.error,
-            variables,
-            onMutateResult,
-            context,
-          )
+          try {
+            this.#mutateOptions.onError?.(
+              action.error,
+              variables,
+              onMutateResult,
+              context,
+            )
+          } catch (e) {
+            void Promise.reject(e)
+          }
+          try {
+            this.#mutateOptions.onSettled?.(
+              undefined,
+              action.error,
+              variables,
+              onMutateResult,
+              context,
+            )
+          } catch (e) {
+            void Promise.reject(e)
+          }
         }
       }