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regular-expressions.md

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1. ^ (Caret)

  • Purpose: Matches the beginning of a string (or URI).
  • Example: Match URIs that start with /blog/. 
    location ~ ^/blog/ {
    # Configuration
}

2. $ (Dollar Sign)

  • Purpose: Matches the end of a string.
  • Example: Match URIs that end with .html. 
    location ~ \.html$ {
    # Configuration
}

3. . (Dot)

  • Purpose: Matches any single character (except newlines).

  • Example: This would match any single character followed by php. For example, it could match /xphp, /9php, or /@php .

    location ~ .php$ {
    # Configuration
}

4. .* (Dot Asterisk)

  • Purpose: Matches zero or more of any characters.
  • Example: Match any URI starting with /images/ followed by any characters. 
    location ~ ^/images/.* {
    # Configuration
}

5. + (Plus)

  • Purpose: Matches one or more of the preceding character or group.
  • Example: Match URIs that contain one or more digits (like /user/123). 
    location ~ /user/[0-9]+ {
    # Configuration
}

6. [] (Square Brackets)

  • Purpose: Matches any single character within the brackets.
  • Example: Match any URI that contains /file1.html or /file2.html but not /file12.html. 
    location ~ /file[12]\.html$ {
    # Configuration
}

7. () (Parentheses)

  • Purpose: Groups multiple characters into a single unit.
  • Example: Capture any file extension after /files/. 
    location ~ ^/files/(.*)\.(jpg|png|gif)$ {
    # Configuration
}

8. | (Pipe)

  • Purpose: Acts as an OR operator to match one or another option.
  • Example: Match URIs that end with .jpg or .png. 
    location ~ \.(jpg|png)$ {
    # Configuration
}

9. \d

  • Purpose: Matches any single digit (0-9).
  • Example: Match any URI that contains a number. 
    location ~ /id/\d+ {
    # Configuration
}

10. \w

  • Purpose: Matches any alphanumeric character or underscore.
  • Example: Match any alphanumeric username in the URI. 
    location ~ ^/user/\w+$ {
    # Configuration
}

11. ?

  • Purpose: Makes the preceding character optional.

  • Example: Match URIs that start with /blog/ or /blog.

    location ~ ^/blog/? {
    # Configuration
}

12. \ (Escape Character)

  • Purpose: Escapes special characters in regular expressions.

  • Example: The literal period (.) has been escaped.

    location ~ \.html$ {
    # Configuration
}

13. {} (Quantifiers)

  • Purpose: Specifies a specific number of matches.
  • Example: Match a URI that contains exactly three digits. 
    location ~ /product/[0-9]{3} {
    # Configuration
}