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- {% include posts/post-header.html %} - {{ content | markdownify }} +
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+ + {% include_cached footer.html %} diff --git a/categories/consoles/Intellivision.md b/categories/consoles/Intellivision.md index bd1cd527..bf00f4c3 100644 --- a/categories/consoles/Intellivision.md +++ b/categories/consoles/Intellivision.md @@ -3,9 +3,6 @@ permalink: /intellivision layout: post category: intellivision title: Intellivision Reverse Engineering -consoleimage: /public/consoles/Intellivision.png -image_: /public/images/Intellivision.jpg -twitterimage_: https://www.retroreversing.com/public/images/Intellivision.jpg excerpt: Awesome list of Intellivision Game Development and Reverse Engineering information breadcrumbs: - name: Home @@ -32,6 +29,15 @@ Whether you're interested in understanding the hardware architecture of the cons So grab your Intellivision controller, and get ready to dive into the exciting world of Intellivision reverse engineering! +## The Story of The Mattel Intellivision +[Newsmakers Games](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhlDH46BzJ0) has released a comprehensive retrospective detailing the hardware development and history of the Mattel Intellivision. The video covers the console's inception as a direct Atari competitor, its reliance on a General Instruments chipset, and the technical ambitions behind the ill-fated "Keyboard Component" intended to upgrade the system with a 6502 processor and 16K of RAM. +It also provides a great look into the system's pioneering controller design and its early push into complex simulation software like **Utopia**. + + + +--- # Software Development for Intellivision Ever wondered what it was like to develop **Intellivision** games back on the day? The user **decle** on the **AtariAge** forum has put together an excellent pdf covering almost everything you would ever want to know about it: [Intellivision development, back in the day - Intellivision Programming - AtariAge Forums](https://forums.atariage.com/topic/259003-intellivision-development-back-in-the-day/) + + diff --git a/categories/consoles/SG1000.md b/categories/consoles/SG1000.md index 511cdcf9..3c5b18df 100644 --- a/categories/consoles/SG1000.md +++ b/categories/consoles/SG1000.md @@ -33,3 +33,9 @@ The most in-depth history of the Sega SG-1000 that I have found is a video creat +## Sega SG-1000 II System Review & Story +[Nostalgia Nerd](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52Y33X6YGmQ) has a video exploring the hardware architecture and history of the Sega SG-1000 II console. The review details the system's underlying technical specifications, highlighting its use of a Zilog Z80 CPU running at 3.58 MHz alongside a Texas Instruments TMS9928A video processor and SN76489 sound chip. +Additionally, it examines the console's physical design, peripheral expansion capabilities, and software compatibility, demonstrating how its internal components heavily mirrored the **ColecoVision** and established the foundation for the Sega Master System. + + + diff --git a/categories/games/Games.md b/categories/games/Games.md index 180cc1e5..07720d25 100644 --- a/categories/games/Games.md +++ b/categories/games/Games.md @@ -38,6 +38,45 @@ We have a specific post that aggregates all our posts on games with debug symbol {% include_cached link-to-other-post.html post="/symbols" %} +--- +# NES Games + +## The Final Fantasy Battle Engine: A Dissection of Physical Attacks +[Displaced Gamers](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_CLnBCgJks) has an excellent video dissecting the underlying code, hidden math, and bugs governing physical attacks in the original NES Final Fantasy. The video explores how battle stats like accuracy, critical hit rates, and elemental weaknesses are processed in Assembly, revealing several programming oversights that heavily impact gameplay. It provides a fascinating look into early RPG mechanics and console game reverse engineering. + + + +Core Architecture: +* **System Scope:** Analysis of the physical attack mechanics within the Final Fantasy (NES/Famicom) battle engine. +* **Code Footprint:** The execution logic for a single physical attack consists of 781 total bytes (excluding called subroutines), responsible for animation, damage calculation, and variable reporting. + +Base Stat Formulas: +* **Attack Power:** Calculated as `(Character Strength / 2) + Weapon Power`. The decimal value is truncated. +* **Accuracy:** Calculated as `Base Character Accuracy + Equipped Weapon Accuracy`. +* **Hits per Attack:** Calculated as `(Accuracy / 32) + 1`. This value determines how many discrete damage rolls are executed per attack command. +* **Evade:** Calculated as `Base 48 + Agility Modifier - Armor Weight Penalty`. +* **Absorb (Defense):** Total numerical summation of all equipped armor mitigation values. + +The Black Belt / Master Class Exceptions: +* **Armed:** Attack power receives a hardcoded `+1` modifier in addition to standard formulas. +* **Unarmed:** Attack power and Critical Hit values bypass standard logic and are set to `Current Level * 2`. The hit count is calculated normally but then strictly doubled. +* **Unarmored:** Absorb value logic is bypassed and set equal to the character's `Current Level`. + +RNG, Hit Validation, and Damage Calculation: +* **Turn Order:** Agility does not govern turn priority. An array queue of players and enemies undergoes 16 RNG-based memory position swaps to randomize round sequence. +* **Hit Chance Formula:** `168 (Flat Base Constant) + Attacker Accuracy - Defender Evade`. The initial calculation before the evasion deduction is hard-capped at 255. +* **Battle RNG Validation:** A random value generated between `0` and `200`. A roll of `200` forces an automatic miss. If `Hit Chance >= Battle RNG`, the attack successfully lands. +* **Base Damage Roll:** Generates a random value bounded by `[Attack Power]` and `[Attack Power * 2]`. +* **Calculated Damage:** `Damage Roll - Defender Absorb`. Floor value is strictly clamped at a minimum of `1` damage. +* **Critical Hits:** If the same `Battle RNG <= Critical Hit Rate`, a critical strike occurs. A secondary raw damage roll is executed and added directly to the damage total, completely ignoring the defender's Absorb stat. + +Critical Engine Bugs & Logic Errors: +* **Critical Hit Memory Fetch Error:** When querying the ROM table for a weapon's stored critical hit rate, the engine skips the instruction to load the stat. Instead, it writes the weapon's *index array ID* into RAM. Consequently, later-game weapons (higher index table values) yield artificially high crit rates regardless of intended design. +* **Ailment Application on Misses:** Ailments run against `100 - Defender Magic Defense` and an RNG check. However, the logic utilizes a non-resetting running tally of connected hits to permit ailment rolls. If hit #1 connects, the flag turns non-zero; if hit #2 misses completely, the engine still executes the ailment roll against the player because the flag remains non-zero. +* **Elemental Weakness Inversion:** When an enemy executes a physical attack carrying a status effect (e.g., Poison), the engine erroneously cross-references the player's resistances against the *enemy's innate elemental weaknesses* rather than the status type. (Example: Resisting Poison from a Scum enemy requires equipping Fire/Ice resistance, as the Scum is weak to Fire/Ice). +* **Player Element Nullification:** Weapons with elemental attributes (e.g., Flame Sword) fail to trigger elemental damage bonuses because the combat routine queries the *player character's* element variable (which is nonexistent/null) instead of the *equipped weapon's* variable. +* **Stun/Sleep Accuracy Omission:** When an attack target is under Stun or Sleep status, the attacker correctly receives a +25% attack power bonus. However, the logic jump bypasses the instruction to apply the attacker's accuracy stat entirely, locking the base hit chance at a fixed `84%` (168 base / 200). + --- # All Posts related to Specific Games diff --git a/categories/misc/Hacking.md b/categories/misc/Hacking.md index c947b151..35558d42 100644 --- a/categories/misc/Hacking.md +++ b/categories/misc/Hacking.md @@ -18,7 +18,23 @@ tags: # Hacking History -### 2000 - ILOVEYOU Virus: Technical Breakdown and Demonstration +## 1988 - MORRIS: Earth's First Computer Worm +[Disrupt](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BRTixIDzzE) has published a retrospective on the Morris Worm, detailing the specific vectors exploited by the 99 lines of code written by **Robert Tappan Morris** (RTM) to map the early internet, and how a mathematical error led to global system overloads. + + +Technical Details & Exploitation Vectors: +* **Buffer Overflow (Finger Protocol):** The vulnerability was a classic stack-based buffer overflow. The `fingerd` daemon used the C standard library function `gets()`, which reads input without checking buffer boundaries. The worm sent a single, carefully crafted 536-byte string (including shellcode) that overflowed the 512-byte buffer. This overwrote the return address on the stack, redirecting the execution flow to the worm's malicious code. +* **Sendmail Debug Mode:** The worm exploited a known `DEBUG` mode in the `sendmail` program, which was often left enabled on production systems. By issuing the `DEBUG` command, the worm could directly execute arbitrary shell commands. It used this to pipe a small C script to the shell, which then compiled itself and fetched the main worm binaries.. +* **Socket Creation:** Upon entering a machine, it establishes a socket (described as a PO box) to receive data. +* **Payload Delivery:** It sends three packages to the established socket: a Sun-3 binary version of the worm, a VAX version, and the source code, ensuring compatibility with the recipient machine. The original worm then eliminates itself. +* **Propagation Mechanism (The 1-in-7 Bug):** To prevent system admins from using a false flag to stop the worm, Morris programmed it to disregard the "already infected" flag 1 out of every 7 times. This caused the worm to repeatedly infect and overload systems rather than just acting as a background measuring stick. + +Mitigation & Legacy: +* **Patches:** Berkeley faculty released patches 1 and 2 to stop `sendmail` from accepting the debug command and compiling with the worm. Patch 3 altered `finger` so it now uses `fgets` instead, patching the buffer overflow. +* **Legal Precedent:** The author was the first person in U.S. history indicted under the newly defined Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. + +--- +## 2000 - ILOVEYOU Virus: Technical Breakdown and Demonstration [NationSquid](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZDiQczOsdc) features a technical overview and demonstration of the ILOVEYOU worm, focusing on its VBScript architecture and rapid propagation through the MAPI interface. The video details how the malware manipulated files and utilized social engineering to achieve widespread system infections and data loss. diff --git a/categories/misc/Industry.md b/categories/misc/Industry.md index 6612b996..280fe14b 100644 --- a/categories/misc/Industry.md +++ b/categories/misc/Industry.md @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ redirect_from: - /sega - /companies - /indie + - /museums breadcrumbs: - name: Home url: / @@ -107,9 +108,24 @@ Books were a must have for any game developers getting started in the industry, {% include_cached link-to-other-post.html post="/books" description="For more information on all the Game development Books check out this post." %} --- -## Museums - Games Industry related Museums -Museums about video games and game development are rare but they are becoming more popular, some are physical and others might be virtual experiences, but they are all important for preserving the history of video games: -{% include_cached link-to-other-post.html post="/museums" description="For more information on all the Game related Museums check out this post." %} +## Virtual Experiences + +### AUTO MUSEUM 64 +Built in Unity **Auto Museum 64** is a virtual Museum of 3D Vehicles from a variety of Nintendo 64 games. + +It was built by **leoburke** and is available on Itch.io: +[Auto Museum 64 by leoburke](https://leoburke.itch.io/auto-museum-64) + +This kind of experience is very cool, but it would be much better if it was in the browser (e.g WebGL) as its not something you would go back to often but it is something that would be good to share links with friends. + +Hopefully this will be the start of more Virtual museums that showcase 3d models or even maps from 3D video games. + +### Virtual Game Shop +Sadly due to the pandemic and the move to online downloads many of the excellent Specialist Video Game Stores have closed down. Many of us who grew up with them have nostalgic memories of their rows and rows of brand new boxed video games for whatever the current Sega/Nintendo/Sony/Microsoft console was hot at the time. + +A VR experience to simulate a Video Game shop with customisable games/posters/shelves/magazines/consoles would be a pretty relaxing experience, probably not exactly a big seller but would have its niche. + + --- ## Commercial Documentaries on game development diff --git a/categories/misc/Museums.md b/categories/misc/Museums.md deleted file mode 100644 index b867019c..00000000 --- a/categories/misc/Museums.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -permalink: /museums -category: industry -title: Game Industry Museums and Virtual Experiences -breadcrumbs: - - name: Home - url: / -redirect_from: - - /book -editlink: ../categories/misc/Museums.md -recommend: industry -image_: /public/images/categories/Games Industry Museums.jpg -twitterimage_: https://www.retroreversing.com/public/images/categories/Games Industry Museums.jpg -tags: - - industry ---- - -# Virtual Experiences - -## AUTO MUSEUM 64 -Built in Unity **Auto Museum 64** is a virtual Museum of 3D Vehicles from a variety of Nintendo 64 games. - -It was built by **leoburke** and is available on Itch.io: -[Auto Museum 64 by leoburke](https://leoburke.itch.io/auto-museum-64) - -This kind of experience is very cool, but it would be much better if it was in the browser (e.g WebGL) as its not something you would go back to often but it is something that would be good to share links with friends. - -Hopefully this will be the start of more Virtual museums that showcase 3d models or even maps from 3D video games. - ---- -# Virtual Experience Ideas - -## Virtual Game Shop -Sadly due to the pandemic and the move to online downloads many of the excellent Specialist Video Game Stores have closed down. Many of us who grew up with them have nostalgic memories of their rows and rows of brand new boxed video games for whatever the current Sega/Nintendo/Sony/Microsoft console was hot at the time. - -A VR experience to simulate a Video Game shop with customisable games/posters/shelves/magazines/consoles would be a pretty relaxing experience, probably not exactly a big seller but would have its niche. - - diff --git a/pages/consoles/gameboy/Mrdo.md b/pages/consoles/gameboy/Mrdo.md index d65b90d3..7b5dbf4d 100644 --- a/pages/consoles/gameboy/Mrdo.md +++ b/pages/consoles/gameboy/Mrdo.md @@ -1048,315 +1048,346 @@ If you see: * **High window coverage** - that is a strong sign that many assets are identical, even if the overall banking/layout differs. * **Repeated signature hits for `HEX` labels** - that is usually where the retail build stores those graphics blocks, and it is a good next target for tightening the placement map. +--- +## Retail ROM disassembly (mgbdis) +RGBDS does not ship a disassembler, so for the retail image the most practical option is `mgbdis`: +* **Run mgbdis** - `python3 tools/mgbdis/mgbdis.py --output-dir build/mgbdis-retail --overwrite build/mrdo_original.gb` +* **Browse by bank** - open `build/mgbdis-retail/bank_000.asm` (ROM0), `build/mgbdis-retail/bank_001.asm`, etc. +* **Use the table as an index** - if a procedure row is mapped to `Retail file offset` `0x35A0`, that corresponds to a `bank_000.asm` label like `Jump_000_35a0:` (and you can search for `35a0`). + +This gives you a stable way to sanity-check the procedure mappings and to dig into retail-only regions without needing a full emulator trace. + +If you want to start from the retail entrypoint, mgbdis makes it easy to follow the exact flow from the reset vector: +* **Header entrypoint** - `Boot::` at `00:0100` (`nop; jp Jump_000_0150`). +* **Post-header jump** - `Jump_000_0150` at `00:0150` (`jp Jump_000_173b`). +* **First real init routine** - `Jump_000_173b` at `00:173B` (sets `SP=$CFFF` and begins calling the init/menu/game loop routines). + +The first few calls in `Jump_000_173b` are a good place to start comparing factoring differences between retail and the rebuilt image: +* **ROM0 calls** - calls like `call Call_000_14ba` are within bank 0. +* **Banked calls** - calls to `$4459` / `$4432` jump into the `ROMX` window and rely on the currently selected MBC1 bank. + +To quickly identify routines that look shared between the source rebuild and retail, you can use `python3 scripts/report-mrdo-retail-similar-functions.py`, which measures exact byte and opcode-stream similarity for every procedure row that currently has a retail placement. +Some of the higher-similarity hits so far include: +* **Map/address helpers** - `PIXAD`, `GETMAPHI`, `GETMAPLODE`, `GETBYTEHI`. +* **Tile/sprite dump helpers** - `DUMP2BY1`, `DUMP2BY2`, `DUMP2BY2SEQU`, `DUMP2BY2S`. +* **Gameplay loops** - `APLOOP` / `WORKAPPLE`, `BADLOOP` / `WORKBADDIE`. +* **Score/text helpers** - `PUTSCORE`, `PUTLINE`. + --- ### Rebuilt procedure map This table lists every procedure-style label detected in the converted RGBDS output, along with its rebuilt `bank:addr` location, so you can set breakpoints quickly: -The retail columns are best-effort and are only filled when the mapper script can place the routine at a single retail offset using byte-signature matching against `build/mrdo_original.gb`. +The retail columns are best-effort and are only filled when the mapper script can place the routine at a single retail offset in `build/mrdo_original.gb` using either byte-signature matching or opcode-stream matching (ignoring immediates). The `Retail match` column gives a rough confidence level: * `entry` - the routine entrypoint bytes match retail (high confidence). * `in-body` - the entrypoint is inferred from multiple in-body signature matches (use as a hint, not proof). +* `opcodes` - the instruction opcode stream matches while ignoring immediates (useful when the routine moved, but still a hint rather than proof). +* `candidate` - a top-ranked candidate was promoted from the candidates table by passing additional similarity heuristics (treat as a strong hint, but still validate in the retail disassembly). +* `callgraph` - promoted by matching the sequence of calls/jumps to already-mapped routines (useful when entry bytes differ heavily, but still validate in the retail disassembly). * `unverified` - the row was previously filled but could not be re-verified by the current mapper settings. - -Procedure | Rebuilt bank:addr | Retail bank:addr | Retail file offset | Retail match ----|---|---|---|--- -`MULTIE` | `00:06A4` | | | -`MULTID` | `00:06A9` | | | -`MENU` | `00:363C` | | | -`SLOGO` | `00:3661` | | | -`RESETST` | `00:366F` | | | -`LOGOLOOP` | `00:3699` | | | -`WORKMENU` | `00:36B5` | | | -`EXITMENU` | `00:36D6` | | | -`OPTIONS` | `00:36E2` | | | -`NEXTUP` | `00:36FD` | | | -`NEXTMENU` | `00:3702` | | | -`NOGAME` | `00:370A` | | | -`NEWSEL` | `00:3715` | | | -`NOSEL` | `00:3723` | | | -`UPMENU` | `00:3732` | | | -`HANDYMAN` | `00:3743` | | | -`SOUNDOPT` | `00:375D` | | | -`DWMENU` | `00:3765` | | | -`LOGOPULSE` | `00:377B` | | | -`FADE` | `00:37D0` | | | -`LOGOON` | `00:37E0` | | | -`LOGON` | `00:37EB` | | | -`NOMOV` | `00:37FE` | | | -`BARREL` | `00:3803` | | | -`BARON` | `00:3810` | | | -`RASTARS` | `00:3823` | | | -`RASTAR` | `00:3832` | | | -`STARFALL` | `00:3845` | `00:31D5` | `0x31D5` | in-body -`ANIHEAD` | `00:3872` | `00:3202` | `0x3202` | in-body -`MENUOBJ` | `00:3894` | | | -`WORKSTAR` | `00:38AC` | | | -`STAROFF` | `00:38B7` | | | -`NOBOW` | `00:38E4` | | | -`DUMP3BY3` | `00:38F8` | | | -`SHOWRESULTS` | `00:395F` | | | -`SETBIG` | `00:3989` | `00:32DA` | `0x32DA` | in-body -`RESLOOP` | `00:39B5` | | | -`APLM` | `00:39CE` | | | -`WORKWELL` | `00:3A1A` | | | -`EMOVE` | `00:3A30` | | | -`UPWELLY` | `00:3A3A` | | | -`UPWELL` | `00:3A3F` | | | -`ALLWAIT` | `00:3A47` | | | -`ALLMOVE` | `00:3A51` | | | -`DODIMOVE` | `00:3A58` | | | -`DUMPBIG` | `00:3A7E` | `00:33CD` | `0x33CD` | entry -`DUMPBG` | `00:3A93` | | | -`SHOWAVERAGES` | `00:3AA2` | | | -`PUTAVER` | `00:3ABF` | | | -`AVELOOP` | `00:3B10` | | | -`RESETBOARD` | `00:3B29` | | | -`RESETB` | `00:3B2E` | | | -`BOARDLINED` | `00:3B41` | | | -`BOARDLINE` | `00:3B61` | | | -`PUTSCORE` | `00:3B73` | `00:35A0` | `0x35A0` | in-body -`TOTOTAL` | `00:3B9C` | | | -`UPTOTAL` | `00:3BA1` | | | -`DIGITADD` | `00:3BA6` | | | -`DUMPENDOBJ` | `00:3BB8` | `00:35F6` | `0x35F6` | unverified -`DUMP2BY2SEQU` | `00:3BBD` | `00:35FB` | `0x35FB` | entry -`CHECKHIGH` | `00:3BE9` | | | -`CHECKLINE` | `00:3BEE` | | | -`CHECKCHR` | `00:3BF4` | | | -`NEXTLINE` | `00:3BFF` | | | -`ISBIG` | `00:3C08` | | | -`SHUNTLINE` | `00:3C11` | | | -`PUTDIG` | `00:3C20` | | | -`PRHIGHSCORES` | `00:3C39` | | | -`PRHIGHS` | `00:3C41` | | | -`PRHGH` | `00:3C85` | | | -`DMATRANS` | `01:40E9` | | | -`DMAL` | `01:40EF` | | | -`SYSETUP` | `01:40F4` | | | -`RESETV` | `01:4101` | | | -`TOINTRAM` | `01:4114` | | | -`GAMESETUP` | `01:4122` | | | -`LEVELSETUP` | `01:4141` | | | -`ISMISTER` | `01:4165` | | | -`RESETSP` | `01:4198` | | | -`SETAPPLES` | `01:41AB` | | | -`RESETEX` | `01:41BD` | | | -`SETET` | `01:420E` | | | -`START` | `01:4219` | | | -`MAINLOOP` | `01:4228` | | | -`EXITLEVEL` | `01:426A` | | | -`NOMAPR` | `01:4288` | | | -`NOLEVR` | `01:42A4` | | | -`WAITISH` | `01:42AA` | | | -`WINHOW` | `01:42B2` | | | -`EXTRALIFE` | `01:42BE` | | | -`SETEXTRA` | `01:42C8` | | | -`RESETET` | `01:42D3` | | | -`PAUSEGAME` | `01:42DE` | | | -`NOSTRT` | `01:42F3` | | | -`WAITNOK` | `01:4303` | | | -`SPLITSCREEN` | `01:430A` | | | -`PRAPPLES` | `01:434C` | | | -`PRALOOP` | `01:4352` | | | -`APPLEPIE` | `01:437F` | | | -`APLOOP` | `01:4388` | | | -`WORKAPPLE` | `01:439A` | | | -`NOAPPLE` | `01:43AD` | | | -`NOLFALL` | `01:43B0` | | | -`GOSPLIT` | `01:43B2` | | | -`APPLEWAIT` | `01:43BA` | | | -`APPLEJIG` | `01:43D5` | | | -`APPLEFALL` | `01:43E4` | | | -`LEEV0` | `01:4419` | | | -`LEEV1` | `01:442B` | | | -`FLOUT` | `01:442D` | | | -`HLOUT` | `01:443E` | | | -`REPBACK` | `01:4440` | | | -`STOPAFALL` | `01:444B` | | | -`APPLESPLIT` | `01:4455` | | | -`NOASPL` | `01:4461` | | | -`LEEV2` | `01:4493` | | | -`LEEV3` | `01:44A5` | `00:1ABA` | `0x1ABA` | entry -`BRINGON` | `01:44BE` | | | -`GETDINO` | `01:44D2` | | | -`GETSP` | `01:44D8` | | | -`GETAPPLE` | `01:44E3` | | | -`GETAP` | `01:44E9` | `00:1BE4` | `0x1BE4` | unverified -`FLAGS` | `01:44F4` | `00:1BEF` | `0x1BEF` | entry -`NOT3` | `01:451B` | | | -`COLLISIONS` | `01:451F` | | | -`BALLCP` | `01:4522` | `00:1F9D` | `0x1F9D` | in-body -`BALLCPL` | `01:4535` | `00:1FB0` | `0x1FB0` | in-body -`NBALLCP` | `01:4551` | | | -`MRDOCATCH` | `01:455A` | | | -`GHOSTDIE` | `01:4563` | | | -`NOTLASTG` | `01:4574` | | | -`EXDIE` | `01:4582` | | | -`GAPPLE` | `01:45D6` | | | -`GOAPPLE` | `01:45DF` | | | -`GOBALLBANG` | `01:45FE` | | | -`BALLSCORE` | `01:4606` | | | -`DUFKILL` | `01:462B` | | | -`EATCHERRY` | `01:462D` | | | -`NOCHSEQU` | `01:4651` | | | -`RESCHSEQU` | `01:4656` | | | -`EATWALL` | `01:4668` | | | -`EATFOOD` | `01:4675` | | | -`GETLET` | `01:46A0` | | | -`GOTLET` | `01:46AB` | | | -`ISOUT` | `01:46D1` | | | -`PUTGHST` | `01:46D8` | | | -`SETGHST` | `01:46E1` | | | -`DECODE` | `01:46F5` | | | -`NOGODEL` | `01:4700` | | | -`NODECBON` | `01:470A` | | | -`DECODER` | `01:4734` | | | -`ISSLOW` | `01:4749` | | | -`NOSLOW` | `01:4751` | | | -`INVALIDX` | `01:4776` | | | -`NEWMOVE` | `01:4790` | | | -`NOWRAP` | `01:479D` | | | -`NOSCROLL` | `01:47C4` | | | -`INVALID` | `01:47DD` | | | -`DOBALL` | `01:47E7` | | | -`BADDIES` | `01:480E` | | | -`BADLOOP` | `01:4813` | | | -`WORKBADDIE` | `01:4835` | `00:2153` | `0x2153` | entry -`NOBAD` | `01:4847` | | | -`CIRCLE` | `01:484C` | `00:216A` | `0x216A` | unverified -`MOVEBADF` | `01:4876` | | | -`MOVEBAD` | `01:487B` | | | -`FINDEXITS` | `01:4889` | | | -`NOUP` | `01:48A4` | | | -`NORT` | `01:48B0` | | | -`NODW` | `01:48C7` | | | -`NOLF` | `01:48D3` | | | -`WORKEXITS` | `01:48D6` | | | -`CHANGEDIR` | `01:48EA` | | | -`FINDEX` | `01:48F4` | | | -`GOEXIT` | `01:4902` | | | -`DINODE` | `01:4907` | | | -`DINO` | `01:4909` | | | -`DINOMOVE` | `01:491A` | | | -`DINOEAT` | `01:492A` | | | -`DINOPUSH` | `01:492C` | | | -`EXDANCE` | `01:492E` | | | -`NOEXFL` | `01:4941` | | | -`UPTYPE` | `01:4973` | | | -`EXUP` | `01:4979` | | | -`EXEAT` | `01:4985` | | | -`EXWALK` | `01:4987` | | | -`EXMOVE` | `01:4998` | | | -`EXOUT` | `01:49A1` | | | -`GHOST` | `01:49A3` | | | -`GHOSTMOVE` | `01:49B4` | | | -`GHOSTR` | `01:49C0` | | | -`GHOSTEAT` | `01:49C7` | | | -`CARRYBALL` | `01:49C9` | | | -`THROWBALL` | `01:49EE` | | | -`CDEL0` | `01:49F8` | | | -`ISCHN` | `01:4A06` | | | -`NOCHWL` | `01:4A16` | | | -`BCHECK` | `01:4A24` | | | -`NRNDB` | `01:4A3A` | | | -`NOBHIT` | `01:4A3D` | | | -`NOCHN` | `01:4A41` | | | -`OUTBALL` | `01:4A50` | | | -`GOINBALL` | `01:4A7D` | | | -`INBALL` | `01:4A87` | | | -`INBALL0` | `01:4A91` | | | -`INBALL1` | `01:4A9B` | | | -`POINTS` | `01:4AC3` | | | -`DUMPOBJ` | `01:4ACF` | `00:27C2` | `0x27C2` | in-body -`MPLEX` | `01:4AEE` | | | -`DUMPL` | `01:4B14` | | | -`DUMP2BY1` | `01:4B29` | `00:283A` | `0x283A` | entry -`DUMP1BY1` | `01:4B4F` | `00:2861` | `0x2861` | in-body -`DUMP2BY2` | `01:4B73` | `00:2884` | `0x2884` | entry -`DUMP2BY2S` | `01:4B86` | `00:2897` | `0x2897` | in-body -`MRDOCHEW` | `01:4BCA` | | | -`GOCHEW` | `01:4BE1` | | | -`CHEWS` | `01:4BF2` | | | -`CHEWUP` | `01:4C14` | | | -`CHU0` | `01:4C21` | | | -`CHU1` | `01:4C32` | | | -`CHU2` | `01:4C49` | | | -`CHU3` | `01:4C5A` | | | -`CHEWRT` | `01:4C61` | | | -`CHR0` | `01:4C6E` | | | -`CHR1` | `01:4C7F` | | | -`CHR2` | `01:4C96` | | | -`CHR3` | `01:4CA7` | | | -`CHEWDW` | `01:4CAE` | | | -`CHD0` | `01:4CBB` | | | -`CHD1` | `01:4CCC` | | | -`CHD2` | `01:4CE3` | | | -`CHD3` | `01:4CF4` | | | -`CHEWLT` | `01:4CFB` | | | -`CHL0` | `01:4D0A` | | | -`CHL1` | `01:4D1B` | | | -`CHL2` | `01:4D32` | | | -`CHL3` | `01:4D43` | | | -`CHRDUMPER` | `01:4D4A` | | | -`CDUMP` | `01:4D59` | | | -`PRSCORE` | `01:4D64` | | | -`SCOREADD` | `01:4D81` | | | -`UPSCORE` | `01:4D97` | | | -`NOSCRP` | `01:4DA3` | | | -`CLOCK` | `01:4DA5` | | | -`UPCLOCK` | `01:4DC0` | | | -`STATUS` | `01:4DC5` | | | -`STATSP` | `01:4DDE` | | | -`PUTSSP` | `01:4DF4` | `00:2B44` | `0x2B44` | in-body -`ONSTAT` | `01:4E1A` | | | -`DRAWMAP` | `01:4E22` | | | -`FILLMAP` | `01:4E28` | | | -`FILLBYTE` | `01:4E3F` | | | -`PUTFOOD` | `01:4E76` | | | -`DRAWBLOCK` | `01:4E91` | | | -`DRWBLOCK` | `01:4EA1` | `00:2C17` | `0x2C17` | in-body -`DOTUNNEL` | `01:4EB9` | | | -`DRAWREP` | `01:4ED2` | | | -`ENDTUNNEL` | `01:4EE6` | | | -`PUTCHERRY` | `01:4EEF` | | | -`PUTAPPLE` | `01:4F1F` | | | -`COPYMAP` | `01:4F41` | | | -`COPYM` | `01:4F4A` | | | -`COPYLETTER` | `01:4F53` | | | -`PUTLINE` | `01:4F80` | `00:2CFB` | `0x2CFB` | entry -`KEYS` | `01:4FB6` | | | -`PIXAD` | `01:4FED` | `00:2D63` | `0x2D63` | entry -`GETMAPHI` | `01:5004` | `00:2D7A` | `0x2D7A` | entry -`GETMAPLODE` | `01:501B` | `00:2DBA` | `0x2DBA` | entry -`GETMAPLO` | `01:502D` | `00:2DA8` | `0x2DA8` | entry -`GETBYTEHI` | `01:503F` | `00:2DCC` | `0x2DCC` | unverified -`GETBYTELO` | `01:504D` | | | -`LOWAD` | `01:5059` | `00:2DE6` | `0x2DE6` | in-body -`WAITSC` | `01:5070` | | | -`RESETOBJ` | `01:5078` | | | -`RESETOB` | `01:5087` | | | -`RESETO` | `01:508B` | | | -`RAND` | `01:5097` | | | -`PRINTEXT` | `01:50B1` | `00:2E45` | `0x2E45` | unverified -`TEXTL` | `01:50B9` | `00:2E4D` | `0x2E4D` | unverified -`PRINTSHAPE` | `01:50C1` | | | -`YROWS` | `01:50C5` | | | -`XROWS` | `01:50C7` | `00:2E5B` | `0x2E5B` | entry -`DIVIDE` | `01:50DA` | | | -`DIVE` | `01:50DE` | | | -`CREATESET` | `01:50E6` | | | -`CLEARSET` | `01:50FB` | | | -`SHUNT` | `01:5106` | | | -`DISPBIN` | `01:510F` | | | -`DOBIN` | `01:5114` | `00:2EDA` | `0x2EDA` | unverified -`ISNONE` | `01:511B` | `00:2EE1` | `0x2EE1` | unverified -`CLEARSTAT` | `01:5120` | `00:2EE6` | `0x2EE6` | unverified -`CLR` | `01:512B` | | | -`HEXBYTE` | `01:5134` | | | -`HEXWORD` | `01:5139` | | | -`PRHEX` | `01:5143` | | | -`PRDEC` | `01:5158` | | | -`PRDECDIGITS` | `01:5160` | | | -`PRDEC1` | `01:516B` | | | +The similarity columns are a quick way to see "how close" the mapped routine looks: +* `Retail byte prefix` - number of identical bytes from the mapped entrypoint (capped and limited to the routine span within the rebuilt bank). +* `Retail opcode prefix ops` - number of matching decoded instruction opcodes (immediates ignored), starting at the mapped entrypoint. + +Procedure | Rebuilt bank:addr | Retail bank:addr | Retail file offset | Retail match | Retail byte prefix | Retail opcode prefix ops +---|---|---|---|---|---|--- +`MULTIE` | `00:06A4` | | | | | +`MULTID` | `00:06A9` | | | | | +`MENU` | `00:363C` | | | | | +`SLOGO` | `00:3661` | | | | | +`RESETST` | `00:366F` | | | | | +`LOGOLOOP` | `00:3699` | | | | | +`WORKMENU` | `00:36B5` | | | | | +`EXITMENU` | `00:36D6` | | | | | +`OPTIONS` | `00:36E2` | | | | | +`NEXTUP` | `00:36FD` | | | | | +`NEXTMENU` | `00:3702` | | | | | +`NOGAME` | `00:370A` | | | | | +`NEWSEL` | `00:3715` | | | | | +`NOSEL` | `00:3723` | | | | | +`UPMENU` | `00:3732` | | | | | +`HANDYMAN` | `00:3743` | | | | | +`SOUNDOPT` | `00:375D` | | | | | +`DWMENU` | `00:3765` | | | | | +`LOGOPULSE` | `00:377B` | | | | | +`FADE` | `00:37D0` | | | | | +`LOGOON` | `00:37E0` | | | | | +`LOGON` | `00:37EB` | | | | | +`NOMOV` | `00:37FE` | | | | | +`BARREL` | `00:3803` | | | | | +`BARON` | `00:3810` | | | | | +`RASTARS` | `00:3823` | | | | | +`RASTAR` | `00:3832` | | | | | +`STARFALL` | `00:3845` | `00:31D5` | `0x31D5` | in-body | 3 | 27 +`ANIHEAD` | `00:3872` | `00:3202` | `0x3202` | in-body | 3 | 27 +`MENUOBJ` | `00:3894` | | | | | +`WORKSTAR` | `00:38AC` | | | | | +`STAROFF` | `00:38B7` | | | | | +`NOBOW` | `00:38E4` | | | | | +`DUMP3BY3` | `00:38F8` | | | | | +`SHOWRESULTS` | `00:395F` | | | | | +`SETBIG` | `00:3989` | `00:32DA` | `0x32DA` | in-body | 20 | 15 +`RESLOOP` | `00:39B5` | | | | | +`APLM` | `00:39CE` | | | | | +`WORKWELL` | `00:3A1A` | | | | | +`EMOVE` | `00:3A30` | | | | | +`UPWELLY` | `00:3A3A` | | | | | +`UPWELL` | `00:3A3F` | | | | | +`ALLWAIT` | `00:3A47` | | | | | +`ALLMOVE` | `00:3A51` | | | | | +`DODIMOVE` | `00:3A58` | | | | | +`DUMPBIG` | `00:3A7E` | `00:33CD` | `0x33CD` | entry | 21 | 12 +`DUMPBG` | `00:3A93` | | | | | +`SHOWAVERAGES` | `00:3AA2` | `00:340A` | `0x340A` | opcodes | 1 | 13 +`PUTAVER` | `00:3ABF` | | | | | +`AVELOOP` | `00:3B10` | | | | | +`RESETBOARD` | `00:3B29` | | | | | +`RESETB` | `00:3B2E` | | | | | +`BOARDLINED` | `00:3B41` | | | | | +`BOARDLINE` | `00:3B61` | `00:358E` | `0x358E` | opcodes | 2 | 12 +`PUTSCORE` | `00:3B73` | `00:35A0` | `0x35A0` | in-body | 18 | 28 +`TOTOTAL` | `00:3B9C` | | | | | +`UPTOTAL` | `00:3BA1` | | | | | +`DIGITADD` | `00:3BA6` | | | | | +`DUMPENDOBJ` | `00:3BB8` | `00:35F6` | `0x35F6` | unverified | 5 | 4 +`DUMP2BY2SEQU` | `00:3BBD` | `00:35FB` | `0x35FB` | in-body | 44 | 37 +`CHECKHIGH` | `00:3BE9` | | | | | +`CHECKLINE` | `00:3BEE` | | | | | +`CHECKCHR` | `00:3BF4` | | | | | +`NEXTLINE` | `00:3BFF` | | | | | +`ISBIG` | `00:3C08` | | | | | +`SHUNTLINE` | `00:3C11` | | | | | +`PUTDIG` | `00:3C20` | | | | | +`PRHIGHSCORES` | `00:3C39` | | | | | +`PRHIGHS` | `00:3C41` | `00:3AA7` | `0x3AA7` | opcodes | 2 | 44 +`PRHGH` | `00:3C85` | | | | | +`DMATRANS` | `01:40E9` | | | | | +`DMAL` | `01:40EF` | | | | | +`SYSETUP` | `01:40F4` | | | | | +`RESETV` | `01:4101` | | | | | +`TOINTRAM` | `01:4114` | | | | | +`GAMESETUP` | `01:4122` | | | | | +`LEVELSETUP` | `01:4141` | | | | | +`ISMISTER` | `01:4165` | | | | | +`RESETSP` | `01:4198` | | | | | +`SETAPPLES` | `01:41AB` | | | | | +`RESETEX` | `01:41BD` | | | | | +`SETET` | `01:420E` | | | | | +`START` | `01:4219` | | | | | +`MAINLOOP` | `01:4228` | `00:175D` | `0x175D` | callgraph | 1 | 13 +`EXITLEVEL` | `01:426A` | | | | | +`NOMAPR` | `01:4288` | | | | | +`NOLEVR` | `01:42A4` | | | | | +`WAITISH` | `01:42AA` | | | | | +`WINHOW` | `01:42B2` | | | | | +`EXTRALIFE` | `01:42BE` | | | | | +`SETEXTRA` | `01:42C8` | | | | | +`RESETET` | `01:42D3` | | | | | +`PAUSEGAME` | `01:42DE` | | | | | +`NOSTRT` | `01:42F3` | | | | | +`WAITNOK` | `01:4303` | | | | | +`SPLITSCREEN` | `01:430A` | | | | | +`PRAPPLES` | `01:434C` | | | | | +`PRALOOP` | `01:4352` | | | | | +`APPLEPIE` | `01:437F` | | | | | +`APLOOP` | `01:4388` | `00:1942` | `0x1942` | opcodes | 2 | 15 +`WORKAPPLE` | `01:439A` | `00:1954` | `0x1954` | opcodes | 11 | 17 +`NOAPPLE` | `01:43AD` | | | | | +`NOLFALL` | `01:43B0` | | | | | +`GOSPLIT` | `01:43B2` | | | | | +`APPLEWAIT` | `01:43BA` | | | | | +`APPLEJIG` | `01:43D5` | | | | | +`APPLEFALL` | `01:43E4` | | | | | +`LEEV0` | `01:4419` | | | | | +`LEEV1` | `01:442B` | | | | | +`FLOUT` | `01:442D` | | | | | +`HLOUT` | `01:443E` | | | | | +`REPBACK` | `01:4440` | | | | | +`STOPAFALL` | `01:444B` | | | | | +`APPLESPLIT` | `01:4455` | | | | | +`NOASPL` | `01:4461` | | | | | +`LEEV2` | `01:4493` | | | | | +`LEEV3` | `01:44A5` | `00:1ABA` | `0x1ABA` | entry | 25 | 23 +`BRINGON` | `01:44BE` | | | | | +`GETDINO` | `01:44D2` | | | | | +`GETSP` | `01:44D8` | | | | | +`GETAPPLE` | `01:44E3` | | | | | +`GETAP` | `01:44E9` | `00:1BE4` | `0x1BE4` | unverified | 11 | 10 +`FLAGS` | `01:44F4` | `00:1BEF` | `0x1BEF` | in-body | 39 | 20 +`NOT3` | `01:451B` | | | | | +`COLLISIONS` | `01:451F` | | | | | +`BALLCP` | `01:4522` | `00:1F9D` | `0x1F9D` | in-body | 18 | 13 +`BALLCPL` | `01:4535` | `00:1FB0` | `0x1FB0` | in-body | 20 | 22 +`NBALLCP` | `01:4551` | | | | | +`MRDOCATCH` | `01:455A` | | | | | +`GHOSTDIE` | `01:4563` | | | | | +`NOTLASTG` | `01:4574` | | | | | +`EXDIE` | `01:4582` | | | | | +`GAPPLE` | `01:45D6` | | | | | +`GOAPPLE` | `01:45DF` | | | | | +`GOBALLBANG` | `01:45FE` | | | | | +`BALLSCORE` | `01:4606` | | | | | +`DUFKILL` | `01:462B` | | | | | +`EATCHERRY` | `01:462D` | | | | | +`NOCHSEQU` | `01:4651` | | | | | +`RESCHSEQU` | `01:4656` | | | | | +`EATWALL` | `01:4668` | | | | | +`EATFOOD` | `01:4675` | | | | | +`GETLET` | `01:46A0` | | | | | +`GOTLET` | `01:46AB` | | | | | +`ISOUT` | `01:46D1` | | | | | +`PUTGHST` | `01:46D8` | | | | | +`SETGHST` | `01:46E1` | | | | | +`DECODE` | `01:46F5` | | | | | +`NOGODEL` | `01:4700` | | | | | +`NODECBON` | `01:470A` | | | | | +`DECODER` | `01:4734` | | | | | +`ISSLOW` | `01:4749` | | | | | +`NOSLOW` | `01:4751` | | | | | +`INVALIDX` | `01:4776` | | | | | +`NEWMOVE` | `01:4790` | | | | | +`NOWRAP` | `01:479D` | | | | | +`NOSCROLL` | `01:47C4` | | | | | +`INVALID` | `01:47DD` | | | | | +`DOBALL` | `01:47E7` | | | | | +`BADDIES` | `01:480E` | | | | | +`BADLOOP` | `01:4813` | `00:2131` | `0x2131` | opcodes | 4 | 26 +`WORKBADDIE` | `01:4835` | `00:2153` | `0x2153` | entry | 18 | 17 +`NOBAD` | `01:4847` | | | | | +`CIRCLE` | `01:484C` | `00:216A` | `0x216A` | opcodes | 8 | 34 +`MOVEBADF` | `01:4876` | | | | | +`MOVEBAD` | `01:487B` | | | | | +`FINDEXITS` | `01:4889` | | | | | +`NOUP` | `01:48A4` | | | | | +`NORT` | `01:48B0` | `00:21DD` | `0x21DD` | opcodes | 9 | 15 +`NODW` | `01:48C7` | | | | | +`NOLF` | `01:48D3` | | | | | +`WORKEXITS` | `01:48D6` | | | | | +`CHANGEDIR` | `01:48EA` | | | | | +`FINDEX` | `01:48F4` | | | | | +`GOEXIT` | `01:4902` | | | | | +`DINODE` | `01:4907` | | | | | +`DINO` | `01:4909` | | | | | +`DINOMOVE` | `01:491A` | | | | | +`DINOEAT` | `01:492A` | | | | | +`DINOPUSH` | `01:492C` | | | | | +`EXDANCE` | `01:492E` | | | | | +`NOEXFL` | `01:4941` | | | | | +`UPTYPE` | `01:4973` | | | | | +`EXUP` | `01:4979` | | | | | +`EXEAT` | `01:4985` | | | | | +`EXWALK` | `01:4987` | | | | | +`EXMOVE` | `01:4998` | | | | | +`EXOUT` | `01:49A1` | | | | | +`GHOST` | `01:49A3` | | | | | +`GHOSTMOVE` | `01:49B4` | | | | | +`GHOSTR` | `01:49C0` | | | | | +`GHOSTEAT` | `01:49C7` | | | | | +`CARRYBALL` | `01:49C9` | | | | | +`THROWBALL` | `01:49EE` | | | | | +`CDEL0` | `01:49F8` | | | | | +`ISCHN` | `01:4A06` | | | | | +`NOCHWL` | `01:4A16` | | | | | +`BCHECK` | `01:4A24` | | | | | +`NRNDB` | `01:4A3A` | | | | | +`NOBHIT` | `01:4A3D` | | | | | +`NOCHN` | `01:4A41` | | | | | +`OUTBALL` | `01:4A50` | | | | | +`GOINBALL` | `01:4A7D` | | | | | +`INBALL` | `01:4A87` | | | | | +`INBALL0` | `01:4A91` | | | | | +`INBALL1` | `01:4A9B` | | | | | +`POINTS` | `01:4AC3` | | | | | +`DUMPOBJ` | `01:4ACF` | `00:27C2` | `0x27C2` | in-body | 18 | 9 +`MPLEX` | `01:4AEE` | | | | | +`DUMPL` | `01:4B14` | | | | | +`DUMP2BY1` | `01:4B29` | `00:283A` | `0x283A` | entry | 37 | 30 +`DUMP1BY1` | `01:4B4F` | `00:2861` | `0x2861` | in-body | 28 | 21 +`DUMP2BY2` | `01:4B73` | `00:2884` | `0x2884` | entry | 19 | 14 +`DUMP2BY2S` | `01:4B86` | `00:2897` | `0x2897` | in-body | 13 | 59 +`MRDOCHEW` | `01:4BCA` | | | | | +`GOCHEW` | `01:4BE1` | | | | | +`CHEWS` | `01:4BF2` | | | | | +`CHEWUP` | `01:4C14` | | | | | +`CHU0` | `01:4C21` | | | | | +`CHU1` | `01:4C32` | | | | | +`CHU2` | `01:4C49` | | | | | +`CHU3` | `01:4C5A` | | | | | +`CHEWRT` | `01:4C61` | | | | | +`CHR0` | `01:4C6E` | `00:2916` | `0x2916` | candidate | 13 | 14 +`CHR1` | `01:4C7F` | | | | | +`CHR2` | `01:4C96` | | | | | +`CHR3` | `01:4CA7` | | | | | +`CHEWDW` | `01:4CAE` | | | | | +`CHD0` | `01:4CBB` | | | | | +`CHD1` | `01:4CCC` | | | | | +`CHD2` | `01:4CE3` | | | | | +`CHD3` | `01:4CF4` | | | | | +`CHEWLT` | `01:4CFB` | | | | | +`CHL0` | `01:4D0A` | | | | | +`CHL1` | `01:4D1B` | | | | | +`CHL2` | `01:4D32` | | | | | +`CHL3` | `01:4D43` | | | | | +`CHRDUMPER` | `01:4D4A` | | | | | +`CDUMP` | `01:4D59` | | | | | +`PRSCORE` | `01:4D64` | | | | | +`SCOREADD` | `01:4D81` | `00:2AAA` | `0x2AAA` | opcodes | 3 | 15 +`UPSCORE` | `01:4D97` | | | | | +`NOSCRP` | `01:4DA3` | | | | | +`CLOCK` | `01:4DA5` | `00:2ACE` | `0x2ACE` | opcodes | 1 | 13 +`UPCLOCK` | `01:4DC0` | | | | | +`STATUS` | `01:4DC5` | | | | | +`STATSP` | `01:4DDE` | | | | | +`PUTSSP` | `01:4DF4` | `00:2B44` | `0x2B44` | in-body | 23 | 30 +`ONSTAT` | `01:4E1A` | | | | | +`DRAWMAP` | `01:4E22` | | | | | +`FILLMAP` | `01:4E28` | | | | | +`FILLBYTE` | `01:4E3F` | | | | | +`PUTFOOD` | `01:4E76` | | | | | +`DRAWBLOCK` | `01:4E91` | `00:2C07` | `0x2C07` | opcodes | 5 | 12 +`DRWBLOCK` | `01:4EA1` | `00:2C17` | `0x2C17` | in-body | 1 | 22 +`DOTUNNEL` | `01:4EB9` | `00:2C2F` | `0x2C2F` | opcodes | 10 | 19 +`DRAWREP` | `01:4ED2` | `00:2C48` | `0x2C48` | opcodes | 11 | 15 +`ENDTUNNEL` | `01:4EE6` | | | | | +`PUTCHERRY` | `01:4EEF` | `00:2C65` | `0x2C65` | opcodes | 12 | 26 +`PUTAPPLE` | `01:4F1F` | | | | | +`COPYMAP` | `01:4F41` | | | | | +`COPYM` | `01:4F4A` | | | | | +`COPYLETTER` | `01:4F53` | `00:2CCE` | `0x2CCE` | opcodes | 3 | 26 +`PUTLINE` | `01:4F80` | `00:2CFB` | `0x2CFB` | in-body | 54 | 41 +`KEYS` | `01:4FB6` | | | | | +`PIXAD` | `01:4FED` | `00:2D63` | `0x2D63` | entry | 23 | 13 +`GETMAPHI` | `01:5004` | `00:2D7A` | `0x2D7A` | entry | 23 | 13 +`GETMAPLODE` | `01:501B` | `00:2DBA` | `0x2DBA` | entry | 18 | 13 +`GETMAPLO` | `01:502D` | `00:2DA8` | `0x2DA8` | entry | 18 | 13 +`GETBYTEHI` | `01:503F` | `00:2DCC` | `0x2DCC` | unverified | 14 | 10 +`GETBYTELO` | `01:504D` | | | | | +`LOWAD` | `01:5059` | `00:2DE6` | `0x2DE6` | in-body | 18 | 13 +`WAITSC` | `01:5070` | | | | | +`RESETOBJ` | `01:5078` | | | | | +`RESETOB` | `01:5087` | | | | | +`RESETO` | `01:508B` | | | | | +`RAND` | `01:5097` | | | | | +`PRINTEXT` | `01:50B1` | `00:2E45` | `0x2E45` | unverified | 8 | 8 +`TEXTL` | `01:50B9` | `00:2E4D` | `0x2E4D` | unverified | 8 | 6 +`PRINTSHAPE` | `01:50C1` | | | | | +`YROWS` | `01:50C5` | | | | | +`XROWS` | `01:50C7` | `00:2E5B` | `0x2E5B` | entry | 19 | 16 +`DIVIDE` | `01:50DA` | | | | | +`DIVE` | `01:50DE` | | | | | +`CREATESET` | `01:50E6` | `00:2EAC` | `0x2EAC` | opcodes | 15 | 18 +`CLEARSET` | `01:50FB` | | | | | +`SHUNT` | `01:5106` | | | | | +`DISPBIN` | `01:510F` | | | | | +`DOBIN` | `01:5114` | `00:2EDA` | `0x2EDA` | unverified | 7 | 4 +`ISNONE` | `01:511B` | `00:2EE1` | `0x2EE1` | unverified | 5 | 4 +`CLEARSTAT` | `01:5120` | `00:2EE6` | `0x2EE6` | unverified | 11 | 4 +`CLR` | `01:512B` | | | | | +`HEXBYTE` | `01:5134` | | | | | +`HEXWORD` | `01:5139` | | | | | +`PRHEX` | `01:5143` | `00:2F09` | `0x2F09` | opcodes | 4 | 15 +`PRDEC` | `01:5158` | | | | | +`PRDECDIGITS` | `01:5160` | | | | | +`PRDEC1` | `01:516B` | | | | | --- ### Retail offsets for known verbatim code blocks diff --git a/pages/consoles/n64/Bung-Doctor-v64.md b/pages/consoles/n64/Bung-Doctor-v64.md deleted file mode 100644 index 957d8afe..00000000 --- a/pages/consoles/n64/Bung-Doctor-v64.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,44 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -tags: -- n64 -- devkit -- hardware -title: Bung Doctor v64 (N64) -category: n64 -videocarousel: - - title: MVG Doctor V64 - image: https://img.youtube.com/vi/HrQYdr0FY70/0.jpg - youtube: 'HrQYdr0FY70' - - title: Hard4Games Doctor V64 - image: https://img.youtube.com/vi/8Za3DNGeP5Y/0.jpg - youtube: '8Za3DNGeP5Y' -image: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8Za3DNGeP5Y/hqdefault.jpg -permalink: /Bung-Doctor-v64 -redirect_from: - - /Bung-Doctor-v64/ -breadcrumbs: - - name: Home - url: / - - name: Nintendo 64 - url: /n64 - - name: Bung Doctor v64 - url: # -recommend: n64 -editlink: /consoles/n64/Bung-Doctor-v64.md -updatedAt: '2020-06-27' ---- - -# Bung Dr V64 -The Doctor V64 was a 3rd Party Development kit and Piracy device that was much cheaper than the official nintendo development kits [^1]. It is the original Creator of .v64 files (it has functionality to dump carts) and even came with a CD full of N64 roms. - -## Development Studios known to have used it -* Acclaim/Iguana (Turok series) - -# Emulation Cartridge -The Bung Dr V64 required a cartridge to be placed in the cartridge slot in order to interrupt the signal coming from the official game cartridge and instead send the data from the V64. The original cartridge that you put in the top was just used for the CIC anti-piracy check. - - ---- -# References -[^1]: [Bung Doctor V64! A 3rd-Party N64 Development System - H4G - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Za3DNGeP5Y) diff --git a/pages/consoles/n64/OfficialN64Devkit.md b/pages/consoles/n64/N64DevelopmentKitHardware.md similarity index 85% rename from pages/consoles/n64/OfficialN64Devkit.md rename to pages/consoles/n64/N64DevelopmentKitHardware.md index ba711c16..226ebb16 100644 --- a/pages/consoles/n64/OfficialN64Devkit.md +++ b/pages/consoles/n64/N64DevelopmentKitHardware.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ tags: - n64 - devkit - hardware -title: Official Nintendo 64 (Ultra 64) Development Kit Hardware +title: Nintendo 64 (Ultra 64) Development Kit Hardware (Official & Unofficial) category: n64 videocarousel: - title: Ultra64 Development Hardware & Prototype Ultra64 Controller @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ twitterimage: https://www.retroreversing.com/public/N64/N64 Development Kit Hard permalink: /official-n64-devkit redirect_from: - /official-n64-devkit/ + - /Bung-Doctor-v64/ breadcrumbs: - name: Home url: / @@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ breadcrumbs: - name: Official Nintendo 64 (Ultra 64) Development Kit Hardware url: # recommend: n64 -editlink: /consoles/n64/OfficialN64Devkit.md +editlink: /consoles/n64/N64DevelopmentKitHardware.md references: - archive.org updatedAt: '2020-01-11' @@ -299,10 +300,41 @@ SN Systems also released an unofficial development kit created specifically for {% include_cached link-to-other-post.html post="/maestro64" description="For information about SN Systems's Maestro64 development cartridge check out this post." %} ## Bung DoctorV64 -There was also a device created by Bung which advertised itself as a development kit but many consumers used it for backing up game cartridges. +The Doctor V64 was a 3rd Party Development kit and Piracy device that was much cheaper than the official nintendo development kits [^19]. It is the original Creator of .v64 files (it has functionality to dump carts) and even came with a CD full of N64 roms. -{% include_cached link-to-other-post.html post="/Bung-Doctor-v64" description="For information about Bung's v64 development hardware check out this post." %} + +### Development Studios known to have used The V64 +* Acclaim/Iguana (Turok series) + +### Technical Specifications +* **Manufacturer:** Bung Enterprises Limited +* **Release Date:** 1997 +* **Launch Price:** $450 USD [^20] +* **Onboard CPU:** MOS Technology 6502 (8-bit) +* **System Memory:** 128 megabits (16 MB) DRAM initially; later revisions included 256 megabits (32 MB) to accommodate larger games. +* **Storage Media:** IDE CD-ROM drive (initial runs featured 8x speed; later models were upgraded to 16x and 32x). +* **Interfacing & I/O:** + * Connects to the N64 via the bottom EXT expansion port (which shares the same connector pinout as the top cartridge port) [^20]. + * Pass-through cartridge adapter to mount a retail N64 cartridge, acting solely as a donor to satisfy the console's PIF (Peripheral Interface) and CIC security handshake. + * Standard Parallel Port located on the rear for PC data transfer. + +#### Pass-through Cartridge Adapter +The Bung Dr V64 required a cartridge to be placed in the cartridge slot in order to interrupt the signal coming from the official game cartridge and instead send the data from the V64. The original cartridge that you put in the top was just used for the CIC anti-piracy check. + + +### Core Functionality +* **Cartridge Dumping:** Capable of copying native N64 cartridge data directly into its internal DRAM. This data can be transmitted to a PC over the parallel connection. The ubiquitous `.v64` ROM file extension originated directly from this hardware. +* **ROM Execution:** Loads binary game files from a CD into DRAM, allowing the console to boot them as if they were genuine cartridges. +* **Media Playback:** Operates as a standalone external Video CD (VCD) player. +* **System BIOS:** Utilized a custom BIOS that could be updated or replaced by pushing a new firmware file over the PC transfer cable. + +### Connecting a Doctor V64 to a Windows PC for N64 Development +[BehindTheCode](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgYMihpfnjo) has a detailed video demonstrating how to configure a Doctor V64 backup device with Windows 98 and Windows 7 PCs to create a complete Nintendo 64 development test station. The video explores the device's internal PCBAs and demonstrates using software like TPC2 and RTOOL64 for loading ROMs into the DrV64's internal SRAM and dumping cartridge data directly to a PC. Additionally, it highlights a rare Acclaim "ArtSend" development cartridge setup that was utilized during the creation of Turok 3. + + + +--- ## Rareware custom cartridges ### RAREWARE N64 security dongle @@ -346,4 +378,6 @@ The full n64 development kit was used by Sound designer Grant Kirkhope at Rare t [^15]: [Duke Nukem Prototype](http://www.nintendoplayer.com/prototype/duke-nukem-64/) [^16]: [NEXT Generation Issue #14 February 1996](https://archive.org/details/nextgen-issue-014/page/n7) [^17]: [Gamasutra - Postmortem: Angel Studios Resident Evil 2 N64 Version](https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/131556/postmortem_angel_studios_.php?page=3) -[^18]: [(1998) BTC #3 RARE Nintendo N64 "IS-VIEWER 64" Development Cartridge - NOW WORKING!! - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbyHw3BDJJs) +[^18]: [BTC #3 RARE Nintendo N64 "IS-VIEWER 64" Development Cartridge - NOW WORKING!! - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbyHw3BDJJs) +[^19]: [Bung Doctor V64! A 3rd-Party N64 Development System - H4G - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Za3DNGeP5Y) +[^20]: [The Doctor V64 - Nintendo 64 DevKit or Piracy Device - MVG - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrQYdr0FY70) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/public/css/post.css b/public/css/post.css index 76f8c64e..1712ccdb 100644 --- a/public/css/post.css +++ b/public/css/post.css @@ -461,6 +461,37 @@ h5 + .emoji { /* #region Table of contents */ +.post-directory-nav { + margin-top: 0.5rem; +} + +.post-directory-list { + padding-left: 0; + margin: 0; +} + +.post-directory-list li { + list-style: none; +} + +.post-directory-list a { + display: block; + padding: 6px 8px; + border-radius: 6px; +} + +.post-directory-list a:focus-visible { + outline: 2px solid #0085b6; + outline-offset: 2px; +} + +.reversefootnote { + display: inline-block; + padding: 6px 8px; + margin-left: 4px; + border-radius: 6px; +} + .jumper { font-weight: 500; color: #0085b6; @@ -551,4 +582,4 @@ h5 + .emoji { } /* #endregion Link to other post */ -/* #endregion Includes */ \ No newline at end of file +/* #endregion Includes */ diff --git a/public/css/theme.overrides.css b/public/css/theme.overrides.css index 75e0d7a4..c15b14f9 100644 --- a/public/css/theme.overrides.css +++ b/public/css/theme.overrides.css @@ -362,6 +362,40 @@ rr-sandpack { text-align: center; } +.post .mermaid.rr-mermaid-zoom { + position: relative; +} + +.post .mermaid.rr-mermaid-zoom .rr-mermaid-canvas { + overflow: auto; + -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; +} + +.post .mermaid.rr-mermaid-zoom .rr-mermaid-controls { + position: absolute; + top: 0.5rem; + right: 0.5rem; + z-index: 2; + display: flex; + gap: 0.25rem; +} + +.post .mermaid.rr-mermaid-zoom .rr-mermaid-controls button { + border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); + background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); + color: #111; + border-radius: 6px; + padding: 0.2rem 0.4rem; + font-size: 0.85rem; + line-height: 1; +} + +.dark .post .mermaid.rr-mermaid-zoom .rr-mermaid-controls button { + border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); + background: rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.9); + color: #fff; +} + .post .mermaid svg { max-width: 100%; height: auto; diff --git a/public/js/generateTOC.js b/public/js/generateTOC.js index 377eaf21..5dd65fad 100644 --- a/public/js/generateTOC.js +++ b/public/js/generateTOC.js @@ -15,12 +15,14 @@ $(document).ready(function(){ if (!id) return; var tagName = $this.prop("tagName").toUpperCase(); + var $list = $(".post-directory .post-directory-list"); + if (!$list.length) return; + if (tagName === topLevel) { - $(".post-directory dl").append("
" + $this.text() + "
"); + $list.append("
  • " + $this.text() + "
    • "); } else { - $(".post-directory dl").append("
  • " + $this.text() + "
    • "); + $list.append("
  • " + $this.text() + "
    • "); } }); }); - diff --git a/public/js/main.js b/public/js/main.js index 26f327d7..1e1a5276 100644 --- a/public/js/main.js +++ b/public/js/main.js @@ -289,17 +289,178 @@ function initializeMermaidDiagrams() { theme: "default" }); + function setupMermaidDiagramZoom() { + var mermaidContainers = document.querySelectorAll(".mermaid"); + + mermaidContainers.forEach(function(container) { + if (container.dataset.rrMermaidZoomInitialized === "true") { + return; + } + + var svg = container.querySelector("svg"); + if (!svg) { + return; + } + + container.dataset.rrMermaidZoomInitialized = "true"; + container.dataset.rrMermaidZoom = "1"; + container.classList.add("rr-mermaid-zoom"); + + var canvas = document.createElement("div"); + canvas.className = "rr-mermaid-canvas"; + + // Mermaid may output other nodes (e.g.