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General

This is an RF simulator that allows to test OAI without an RF board. It replaces an actual RF board driver.

As much as possible, it works like an RF board, but not in real-time: It can run faster than real-time if there is enough CPU, or slower (it is CPU-bound instead of real-time RF sampling-bound).

It can be run either in:

  • "noS1" mode: the generated IP traffic is sent and received between gNB and UE IP tunnel interfaces ("oaitun") by applications like ping and iperf
  • "phy-test" mode: random UL and DL traffic is generated at every scheduling opportunity

build

From build_oai script

The RF simulator is implemented as an OAI device and always built when you build the OAI eNB or the OAI UE.

Using the -w SIMU option it is possible to just re-build the RF simulator device.

Example:

./build_oai --UE --eNB
Will compile UE
Will compile eNB
CMAKE_CMD=cmake ..
No local radio head and no transport protocol selected
No radio head has been selected (HW set to None)
No transport protocol has been selected (TP set to None)
RF HW set to None
Flags for Deadline scheduler: False
......................
......................
Compiling rfsimulator
Log file for compilation has been written to: /usr/local/oai/rfsimu_config/openairinterface5g/cmake_targets/log/rfsimulator.Rel15.txt
rfsimulator compiled
......................
......................

Add the rfsimulator after initial build

After any regular build you can compile the device from the build directory:

cd <path to oai sources>/openairinterface5g/cmake_targets/ran_build/build
make rfsimulator

This is equivalent to using -w SIMU when running the build_oai script.

Usage

To use the RF simulator add the --rfsim option to the command line. By default the RF simulator device will try to connect to host 127.0.0.1, port 4043, which is usually the behavior for the UE.

The RF simulator is using the configuration module, and its parameters are defined in a specific section called "rfsimulator".

parameter usage default
serveraddr ip address to connect to, or "enb" to behave as a tcp server 127.0.0.1
serverport port number to connect to or to listen on (eNB, which behaves as a tcp server) 4043
options list of comma separated run-time options, two are supported: chanmod to enable channel modeling and saviq to write transmitted iqs to a file all options disabled
modelname Name of the channel model to apply on received iqs when the chanmod option is enabled AWGN
IQfile Path to the file to be used to store iqs, when the saviq option is enabled /tmp/rfsimulator.iqs

Setting the env variable RFSIMULATOR can be used instead of using the serveraddr parameter; it is to preserve compatibility with previous version.

How to use the RF simulator options

Add the following options to the command line to enable the channel model and the IQ samples saving for future replay:

--rfsimulator.options chanmod,saviq

or just:

--rfsimulator.options chanmod

to enable the channel model.

set the model with:

--rfsimulator.modelname AWGN

Example run:

sudo RFSIMULATOR=server ./nr-softmodem -O ../../../targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-LTE-EPC/CONF/gnb.band78.tm1.106PRB.usrpn300.conf --parallel-config PARALLEL_SINGLE_THREAD --rfsim --phy-test --rfsimulator.options chanmod --rfsimulator.modelname AWGN

4G case

For the UE, it should be set to the IP address of the eNB. For example:

sudo RFSIMULATOR=192.168.2.200 ./lte-uesoftmodem -C 2685000000 -r 50

For the eNB, use a valid configuration file setup for the USRP board tests and start the softmodem as usual, but, adding the --rfsim option.

sudo RFSIMULATOR=enb ./lte-softmodem -O <config file> --rfsim

Except this, the UE and the eNB can be used as if the RF is real. noS1 mode can also be used with the RF simulator.

If you reach 'RA not active' on UE, be careful to generate a valid SIM.

$OPENAIR_DIR/targets/bin/conf2uedata -c $OPENAIR_DIR/openair3/NAS/TOOLS/ue_eurecom_test_sfr.conf -o .

5G case

The 5G RF simulator will be aligned with the 4G as the efforts for merging the 5G specific branches into the develop make progresses.

After regular build, add the simulation driver (do not use ./build_oai -w SIMU until 4G and 5G branches are merged).

cd ran_build/build
make rfsimulator

Launch gNB in one window

sudo RFSIMULATOR=server ./nr-softmodem -O ../../../targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-LTE-EPC/CONF/gnb.band78.tm1.106PRB.usrpn300.conf --parallel-config PARALLEL_SINGLE_THREAD --rfsim --phy-test

Launch UE in another window

sudo RFSIMULATOR=<TARGET_GNB_INTERFACE_ADDRESS> ./nr-uesoftmodem --rfsim --phy-test --rrc_config_path .

Notes:

  1. <TARGET_GNB_INTERFACE_ADDRESS> can be 127.0.0.1 if both gNB and nrUE executables run on the same host, OR the IP interface address of the remote host running the gNB executable, if the gNB and nrUE run on separate hosts
  2. the --rrc_config_path parameter SHALL specify where the 2 RAW files are located (rbconfig.raw and reconfig.raw).
    • If you are running on the same machine and launched the 2 executables (nr-softmodem and nr-uesoftmodem) from the same directory, nothing has to be done.
    • If you launched the 2 executables from 2 different folders, just point to the location where you launched the nr-softmodem:
      • sudo RFSIMULATOR=<TARGET_GNB_INTERFACE_ADDRESS> ./nr-uesoftmodem --rfsim --phy-test --rrc_config_path /the/path/where/you/launched/nr-softmodem
    • If you are not running on the same machine or launched the 2 executables from 2 different folders, you need to COPY the 2 raw files
      • scp usera@machineA:/the/path/where/you/launched/nr-softmodem/r*config.raw userb@machineB:/the/path/where/you/will/launch/nr-uesoftmodem/
      • Obviously this operation SHALL be done before launching the nr-uesoftmodem executable.
  3. to enable the noS1 mode --noS1 and --nokrnmod 1 options should be added to the command line

In the UE, you can add -d option to get the softscope.

Testing IP traffic (ping and iperf)

ping -I oaitun_enb1 10.0.1.2 (from gNB mchine)
ping -I oaitun_ue1 10.0.1.1 (from nrUE mchine)

Server nrUE machine: iperf -s -i 1 -u -B 10.0.1.2
Client gNB machine: iperf -c 10.0.1.2 -u -b 0.1M --bind 10.0.1.1

Server gNB machine: iperf -s -i 1 -u -B 10.0.1.1
Client nrUE machine: iperf -c 10.0.1.1 -u -b 0.1M --bind 10.0.1.2
Note: iperf tests can be performed only when running gNB and nrUE on separate hosts.

Store and replay

You can store emitted I/Q samples. If you set the option saviq, the simulator will write all the I/Q samples into this file. Then, you can replay with the executable replay_node.

First compile it like other binaries:

make replay_node

You can use this binary as I/Q data source to feed whatever UE or gNB with recorded I/Q samples.

The file format is successive blocks of a header followed by the I/Q array. If you have existing stored I/Q, you can adapt the tool replay_node to convert your format to the rfsimulator format.

The format intends to be compatible with the OAI store/replay feature on USRP.

Channel simulation

When the chanmod option is enabled, the RF channel simulator is called.

In the current version all channel parameters are set depending on the model name via a call to:

new_channel_desc_scm(bridge->tx_num_channels,
                     bridge->rx_num_channels,
                     <model name>,
                     bridge->sample_rate,
                     bridge->tx_bw,
                     0.0, // forgetting_factor
                     0,   // maybe used for TA
                     0);  // path_loss in dB

Only the input noise can be changed on command line with the -s parameter.

With path loss = 0 set -s 5 to see a little noise. -s is a shortcut to channelmod.s. It is expected to enhance the channel modelization flexibility by the addition of more parameters in the channelmod section.

Example to add a very small noise:

-s 30

to add a lot of noise:

-s 5

Example run commands:

sudo RFSIMULATOR=server ./nr-softmodem -O ../../../targets/PROJECTS/GENERIC-LTE-EPC/CONF/gnb.band78.tm1.106PRB.usrpn300.conf --parallel-config PARALLEL_SINGLE_THREAD --rfsim --phy-test --rfsimulator.options chanmod --rfsimulator.modelname AWGN

Real time control and monitoring

Add the --telnetsrv option to the command line. Then in a new shell, connect to the telnet server, example:

telnet 127.0.0.1 9090

once connected it is possible to monitor the current status:

channelmod show current

see the available channel models:

channelmod show predef

or modify the channel model, for example setting a new model:

rfsimu setmodel AWGN

setting the pathloss, etc...:

channelmod modify <channelid> <param> <value>
channelmod modify 0 ploss 15

where:

<param name> can be one of "riceanf", "aoa", "randaoa", "ploss", "offset", "forgetf"

Caveats

Still issues in power control: txgain, rxgain are not used.