diff --git a/op.c b/op.c
index 7027f18f036c..13ec73959b20 100644
--- a/op.c
+++ b/op.c
@@ -4141,7 +4141,7 @@ S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
         } else if (attrs) {
             GV * const gv = cGVOPx_gv(cUNOPo->op_first);
             assert(PL_parser);
-            PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
+            PL_parser->in_my = KEY_NULL;
             PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
             apply_attrs(GvSTASH(gv),
                         (type == OP_RV2SV ? GvSVn(gv) :
@@ -4174,7 +4174,7 @@ S_my_kid(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs, OP **imopsp)
         HV *stash;
 
         assert(PL_parser);
-        PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
+        PL_parser->in_my = KEY_NULL;
         PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
 
         /* check for C<my Dog $spot> when deciding package */
@@ -4232,7 +4232,7 @@ Perl_my_attrs(pTHX_ OP *o, OP *attrs)
             o = op_append_list(OP_LIST, o, rops);
         }
     }
-    PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
+    PL_parser->in_my = KEY_NULL;
     PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
     return o;
 }
@@ -4857,7 +4857,7 @@ Perl_localize(pTHX_ OP *o, I32 lex)
         o = my(o);
     else
         o = op_lvalue(o, OP_NULL);		/* a bit kludgey */
-    PL_parser->in_my = FALSE;
+    PL_parser->in_my = KEY_NULL;
     PL_parser->in_my_stash = NULL;
     return o;
 }
diff --git a/perly.act b/perly.act
index 8c329f1ae66b..03cd049fdd6e 100644
--- a/perly.act
+++ b/perly.act
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ case 2: /* @1: %empty  */
 
   case 25: /* $@8: %empty  */
 #line 292 "perly.y"
-                        { parser->in_my = 1; }
+                        { parser->in_my = KEY_catch; }
 
     break;
 
@@ -2285,6 +2285,6 @@ case 2: /* @1: %empty  */
     
 
 /* Generated from:
- * 57ef509d481a8f100fca417b83deb7d66655912f27495b2f6daa0699748ea44f perly.y
+ * 77a59f73bcda0e12f216863101470b10051433a1712bbf7219acbd22399b8568 perly.y
  * f13e9c08cea6302f0c1d1f467405bd0e0880d0ea92d0669901017a7f7e94ab28 regen_perly.pl
  * ex: set ro ft=c: */
diff --git a/perly.h b/perly.h
index 30c58ba885fc..214f412c362c 100644
--- a/perly.h
+++ b/perly.h
@@ -244,6 +244,6 @@ int yyparse (void);
 
 
 /* Generated from:
- * 57ef509d481a8f100fca417b83deb7d66655912f27495b2f6daa0699748ea44f perly.y
+ * 77a59f73bcda0e12f216863101470b10051433a1712bbf7219acbd22399b8568 perly.y
  * f13e9c08cea6302f0c1d1f467405bd0e0880d0ea92d0669901017a7f7e94ab28 regen_perly.pl
  * ex: set ro ft=c: */
diff --git a/perly.tab b/perly.tab
index a54e65d81b0d..d134b54b5427 100644
--- a/perly.tab
+++ b/perly.tab
@@ -1599,6 +1599,6 @@ static const toketypes yy_type_tab[] =
 };
 
 /* Generated from:
- * 57ef509d481a8f100fca417b83deb7d66655912f27495b2f6daa0699748ea44f perly.y
+ * 77a59f73bcda0e12f216863101470b10051433a1712bbf7219acbd22399b8568 perly.y
  * f13e9c08cea6302f0c1d1f467405bd0e0880d0ea92d0669901017a7f7e94ab28 regen_perly.pl
  * ex: set ro ft=c: */
diff --git a/perly.y b/perly.y
index 03baaec51002..1f337c477add 100644
--- a/perly.y
+++ b/perly.y
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ catch_paren:	empty
 			/* not really valid grammar but we detect it in the
 			 * action block to throw a nicer error message */
 	|	PERLY_PAREN_OPEN
-			{ parser->in_my = 1; }
+			{ parser->in_my = KEY_catch; }
 		scalar
 			{ parser->in_my = 0; intro_my(); }
 		PERLY_PAREN_CLOSE
diff --git a/pod/perldelta.pod b/pod/perldelta.pod
index a722ab7cf428..187644fe5e2c 100644
--- a/pod/perldelta.pod
+++ b/pod/perldelta.pod
@@ -198,6 +198,22 @@ and L</New Warnings>
 
 XXX L<message|perldiag/"message">
 
+=item *
+
+L<Can't redeclare catch variable as "%s"|perldiag/"Can't redeclare catch variable as "%s"">
+
+(F) A C<my>, C<our> or C<state> keyword was used with the exception variable in
+a C<catch> block:
+
+    try { ... }
+    catch (my $e) { ... }
+    # or catch (our $e) { ... }
+    # or catch (state $e) { ... }
+
+This is not valid syntax. C<catch> takes a bare variable name, which is
+automatically lexically declared.
+[GH #23222]
+
 =back
 
 =head3 New Warnings
diff --git a/pod/perldiag.pod b/pod/perldiag.pod
index 69e332ded180..cf956fb2f84f 100644
--- a/pod/perldiag.pod
+++ b/pod/perldiag.pod
@@ -1485,10 +1485,23 @@ missing.  You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ
 or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not
 searched.
 
+=item Can't redeclare catch variable as "%s"
+
+(F) A C<my>, C<our> or C<state> keyword was used with the exception variable in
+a C<catch> block:
+
+    try { ... }
+    catch (my $e) { ... }
+    # or catch (our $e) { ... }
+    # or catch (state $e) { ... }
+
+This is not valid syntax. C<catch> takes a bare variable name, which is
+automatically lexically declared.
+
 =item Can't redeclare "%s" in "%s"
 
-(F) A "my", "our" or "state" declaration was found within another declaration,
-such as C<my ($x, my($y), $z)> or C<our (my $x)>.
+(F) A C<my>, C<our> or C<state> declaration was found within another
+declaration, such as C<my ($x, my($y), $z)> or C<our (my $x)>.
 
 =item Can't "redo" outside a loop block
 
diff --git a/t/lib/croak/toke b/t/lib/croak/toke
index ac766871e2d6..a50f256b0b0d 100644
--- a/t/lib/croak/toke
+++ b/t/lib/croak/toke
@@ -423,6 +423,30 @@ EXPECT
 Can't redeclare "state" in "state" at - line 2, near ", state"
 Execution of - aborted due to compilation errors.
 ########
+# NAME catch (my $x) errors
+use feature 'try';
+try {} catch (my $x) {}
+EXPECT
+Can't redeclare catch variable as "my" at - line 2, near "(my"
+syntax error at - line 2, near "(my "
+Execution of - aborted due to compilation errors.
+########
+# NAME catch (our $x) errors
+use feature 'try';
+try {} catch (our $x) {}
+EXPECT
+Can't redeclare catch variable as "our" at - line 2, near "(our"
+syntax error at - line 2, near "(our "
+Execution of - aborted due to compilation errors.
+########
+# NAME catch (state $x) errors
+use feature 'try', 'state';
+try {} catch (state $x) {}
+EXPECT
+Can't redeclare catch variable as "state" at - line 2, near "(state"
+syntax error at - line 2, near "(state "
+Execution of - aborted due to compilation errors.
+########
 # NAME BEGIN <> [perl #125341]
 BEGIN <>
 EXPECT
diff --git a/toke.c b/toke.c
index e6acb5a70177..7d0de3118aae 100644
--- a/toke.c
+++ b/toke.c
@@ -7186,17 +7186,37 @@ yyl_do(pTHX_ char *s, I32 orig_keyword)
     OPERATOR(KW_DO);
 }
 
+static const char *
+declarator_name(I32 k) {
+    switch (k) {
+        case KEY_my:    return "my";
+        case KEY_state: return "state";
+        case KEY_our:   return "our";
+        case KEY_field: return "field";
+        case KEY_catch: return "catch";
+        default: return "???";
+    }
+}
+
 static int
 yyl_my(pTHX_ char *s, I32 my)
 {
+    assert(my == KEY_my || my == KEY_state || my == KEY_our);
     if (PL_in_my) {
         PL_bufptr = s;
-        yyerror(form(
-                          "Can't redeclare \"%s\" in \"%s\"",
-                           my       == KEY_my    ? "my" :
-                           my       == KEY_state ? "state" : "our",
-                           PL_in_my == KEY_my    ? "my" :
-                           PL_in_my == KEY_state ? "state" : "our"));
+        if (PL_in_my == KEY_catch) {
+            yyerror(form(
+                "Can't redeclare catch variable as \"%s\"",
+                    declarator_name(my)
+            ));
+        } else {
+            assert(PL_in_my == KEY_my || PL_in_my == KEY_state || PL_in_my == KEY_our);
+            yyerror(form(
+                "Can't redeclare \"%s\" in \"%s\"",
+                    declarator_name(my),
+                    declarator_name(PL_in_my)
+            ));
+        }
     }
     PL_in_my = (U16)my;
     s = skipspace(s);