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evidence: source inventory for snakebite-antivenom-access-global — 5 new peer-reviewed evidence records, data-sufficiency claim with kill condition
Enrichment of public-health/snakebite-antivenom-access-global source-inventory task. Added 5 evidence records (6 total): - WHO Snakebite Fact Sheet (2023) — updated burden ranges, under-reporting evidence - Gutiérrez et al. 2017 Nature Reviews Disease Primers — comprehensive scientific overview - Gutiérrez et al. 2014 WHO Bulletin — antivenom supply crisis documentation - Lao PDR antivenom cost-effectiveness (2026) — sub-national access methodology - Africa antivenom policy analysis (2026) — regional supply-chain barriers Created claims.json with antivenom-access-data-sufficiency claim: - Status: unverified - Kill condition: public facility-level antivenom stocking data for 10+ LMICs, or WHO sub-national incidence reporting for 20+ countries - Safety level: medium - Review required: domain-reviewer, red-team-reviewer Updated datasets.md with 6-source classified inventory and source rationale. Updated problem.md with corrected burden estimates and expanded uncertain areas. Updated evidence.md, outputs.md, playbooks.md, validation.md, task-map.md. Validation: pnpm validate, reproducibility:check, verify:sources, build all pass.
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‎docs/wiki/Index.md‎

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| Metric | Value |
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|---|---|
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| Total packs | 102 |
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| Packs with claims | 7 |
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| Packs with claims | 8 |
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| Packs with accepted claims | 0 |
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| Total evidence records | 295 |
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| Total evidence records | 300 |
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| Total tasks | 528 |
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| Scoped tasks (ready for work) | 102 |
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| High-risk tasks | 275 |
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| [public-health/refugee-health-access-global](../../problem-packs/public-health/refugee-health-access-global/problem.md) | Refugee Health Service Access Gaps In Host Countries | scoped | public-health | global | high | 1 ev; 5 tasks | needs evidence |
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| [public-health/road-traffic-injury-urban-global](../../problem-packs/public-health/road-traffic-injury-urban-global/problem.md) | Road Traffic Injury Mortality Risk And Emergency Trauma Care Access In Low- And Middle-Income Countries | scoped | public-health | global | medium | 2 ev; 5 tasks | needs evidence |
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| [public-health/sickle-cell-disease-sub-saharan-africa](../../problem-packs/public-health/sickle-cell-disease-sub-saharan-africa/problem.md) | Sickle Cell Disease Newborn Screening And Treatment Access Gaps In Sub-Saharan Africa | scoped | public-health | sub-saharan-africa | medium | 2 ev; 5 tasks | needs evidence |
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| [public-health/snakebite-antivenom-access-global](../../problem-packs/public-health/snakebite-antivenom-access-global/problem.md) | Snakebite Envenoming Mortality And Antivenom Access Gaps In Rural Low-Income Countries | scoped | public-health | global | high | 1 ev; 5 tasks | needs evidence |
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| [public-health/snakebite-antivenom-access-global](../../problem-packs/public-health/snakebite-antivenom-access-global/problem.md) | Snakebite Envenoming Mortality And Antivenom Access Gaps In Rural Low-Income Countries | scoped | public-health | global | high | 6 ev; 5 tasks; 1 claims | has claims |
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| [public-health/stunting-sub-saharan-africa](../../problem-packs/public-health/stunting-sub-saharan-africa/problem.md) | Child Stunting Hotspot Identification In Sub-Saharan Africa | scoped | public-health, food-security | sub-saharan-africa | medium | 3 ev; 6 tasks | ready |
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| [public-health/substandard-falsified-medicines-global](../../problem-packs/public-health/substandard-falsified-medicines-global/problem.md) | Substandard And Falsified Medicine Detection And Surveillance Gaps In Low- And Middle-Income Countries | scoped | public-health | global | high | 4 ev; 6 tasks | ready |
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| [public-health/surgical-care-access-global](../../problem-packs/public-health/surgical-care-access-global/problem.md) | Essential Surgical Care Access And Surgical Workforce Gaps In Low-Income Countries | scoped | public-health | global | medium | 1 ev; 5 tasks | needs evidence |
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| [public-health/refugee-health-access-global](../../problem-packs/public-health/refugee-health-access-global/problem.md) | 1 | 5 | 3 | high |
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| [public-health/road-traffic-injury-urban-global](../../problem-packs/public-health/road-traffic-injury-urban-global/problem.md) | 2 | 5 | 3 | medium |
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| [public-health/sickle-cell-disease-sub-saharan-africa](../../problem-packs/public-health/sickle-cell-disease-sub-saharan-africa/problem.md) | 2 | 5 | 3 | medium |
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| [public-health/snakebite-antivenom-access-global](../../problem-packs/public-health/snakebite-antivenom-access-global/problem.md) | 1 | 5 | 3 | high |
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| [public-health/surgical-care-access-global](../../problem-packs/public-health/surgical-care-access-global/problem.md) | 1 | 5 | 2 | medium |
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| [public-health/tb-detection-treatment-gap-global](../../problem-packs/public-health/tb-detection-treatment-gap-global/problem.md) | 2 | 5 | 3 | medium |
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| [public-health/tobacco-control-taxation-global](../../problem-packs/public-health/tobacco-control-taxation-global/problem.md) | 1 | 4 | 3 | medium |
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[
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{
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"id": "antivenom-access-data-sufficiency",
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"problem_id": "public-health/snakebite-antivenom-access-global",
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"claim": "Available public data sources are sufficient for global and regional snakebite burden framing (WHO strategy, WHO fact sheet, Gutiérrez et al. 2017) and for understanding structural antivenom supply barriers (Gutiérrez et al. 2014, Africa policy analysis 2026), but no public dataset provides facility-level antivenom stocking data or sub-national snakebite incidence at the granularity needed to identify which districts in high-burden countries have the highest mortality risk relative to antivenom access. The Lao PDR cost-effectiveness study demonstrates that sub-national antivenom access analysis is feasible but was conducted as a single-country research study, not a systematic surveillance effort. The sub-national antivenom access gap cannot be mapped with currently available public data alone.",
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"domain": ["public-health"],
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"status": "unverified",
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"evidence": [
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"who-snakebite-strategy-2019",
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"who-snakebite-factsheet-2023",
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"gutierrez-snakebite-primer-2017",
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"gutierrez-antivenom-availability-2014",
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"lao-antivenom-cost-effectiveness-2026",
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"africa-antivenom-policy-2026"
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],
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"failure_modes": [
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"A reader treats WHO global burden estimates as direct surveillance counts for specific countries or districts.",
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"A reader uses the 2014 antivenom supply crisis description as current without verifying the production landscape has not changed.",
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"A reader generalizes the Lao PDR cost-effectiveness methodology to all LMICs without country-specific adaptation.",
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"A reader treats the Africa policy analysis as applicable to South Asia or Southeast Asia without regional verification.",
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"A policy maker uses the antivenom access-gap framing to justify centralized procurement without addressing last-mile distribution and facility-level stocking.",
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"A reader treats the WHO 50 percent mortality reduction target as evidence that current interventions are working, when it is an aspirational goal."
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],
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"kill_condition": "A reviewer identifies a public dataset providing facility-level antivenom stocking data for at least 10 high-burden LMICs with consistent methodology and less than 2-year reporting lag, or finds that WHO or national surveillance systems have begun systematic sub-national snakebite incidence reporting covering districts in at least 20 high-burden countries.",
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"review_required": ["domain-reviewer", "red-team-reviewer"],
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"safety_level": "medium",
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"submitter": "codex-agent",
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"created_date": "2026-06-30",
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"last_updated": "2026-06-30",
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"confidence": "medium",
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"limitations": [
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"The claim is about public data availability for sub-national antivenom access-gap analysis, not about actual antivenom stocking or snakebite incidence in specific countries.",
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"The assessment of 'no public dataset provides facility-level data' is an inference from reviewing available data portals and published literature, not a systematic survey of all national procurement databases.",
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"Some countries may have national antivenom procurement or stocking systems that are not publicly accessible or not in English; these were not reviewed.",
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"The WHO strategy document may contain more granular country-level data than the public summary suggests; this claim is based on the publicly accessible version."
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]
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}
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]
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# Dataset Inventory
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| Source | Grain | Status | Use |
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| ----------------------------- | -------- | -------- | ---------------------- |
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| WHO snakebite estimates | Country | Usable | Burden framing |
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| Health facility stocking data | Facility | Variable | Antivenom availability |
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| Agricultural population maps | 100m | Usable | Risk-population proxy |
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| Snake habitat models | Variable | Usable | Environmental risk |
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## Candidate Sources
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## Required Properties
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| Source | Grain | Current status | Use |
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| ---------------------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
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| WHO Snakebite Strategy (2019) | Global, regional | Usable for framing and burden reference | Global burden estimates, 2030 targets, strategy context |
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| WHO Snakebite Fact Sheet (2023) | Global summary | Usable for framing | Updated burden estimates, under-reporting evidence |
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| Gutiérrez et al. 2017 (Nat Rev Dis Prim) | Global, overview | Usable as scientific reference | Pathophysiology, antivenom production, treatment context |
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| Gutiérrez et al. 2014 (WHO Bulletin) | Global, supply-chain | Usable with date caveat | Antivenom supply crisis documentation, strategy proposal |
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| Lao PDR antivenom cost-effectiveness | Sub-national, rural/urban | Limited — single country | Cost-effectiveness methodology for antivenom access |
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| Africa antivenom policy analysis (2026) | Regional, Africa | Limited — policy analysis, not primary data | Policy barriers, regional procurement context |
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Antivenom stocking data, facility location, population data, license.
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## Source Classification Rationale
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### Usable
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- **WHO Snakebite Strategy (2019)**: Official WHO publication providing the foundational burden estimates and 2030 targets. The most authoritative source for global snakebite burden framing. Limitation: modeled estimates, not direct surveillance.
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- **WHO Snakebite Fact Sheet (2023)**: Updated WHO summary with revised burden ranges (81,410-137,880 deaths) and under-reporting evidence including the India community-study comparison. Limitation: global summary, no sub-national data.
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- **Gutiérrez et al. 2017 (Nature Reviews Disease Primers)**: The most comprehensive peer-reviewed scientific overview of snakebite envenoming. Covers pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and antivenom production. Limitation: published in 2017; production landscape may have shifted.
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### Limited
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- **Gutiérrez et al. 2014 (WHO Bulletin)**: Documents the antivenom supply crisis and proposes a multicomponent strategy. Useful for understanding structural barriers but published over a decade ago. Limitation: the supply situation has evolved since publication.
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- **Lao PDR antivenom cost-effectiveness (2026)**: Provides a methodology for evaluating antivenom access interventions at sub-national level with urban-rural distributional analysis. Limitation: single-country study; methodology may not transfer directly to other contexts.
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- **Africa antivenom policy analysis (2026)**: Identifies policy barriers and proposes sustainability pathways for African antivenom access. Limitation: policy analysis rather than primary data; Africa-focused, may not generalize to South Asia.
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### Rejected
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No sources were rejected outright. All candidate sources provide useful information within their stated limitations. No public dataset was found that provides facility-level antivenom stocking data at scale for LMICs — this is the core data gap the pack aims to surface.
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## Required Dataset Properties
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For any dataset accepted into canonical antivenom access-gap analysis:
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- Incidence estimation methodology (facility-based, community survey, verbal autopsy).
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- Geographic grain (national, sub-national, facility).
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- Antivenom stocking definition (reported stock vs functional availability vs treatment outcome).
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- Facility location and catchment area.
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- Population denominator and agricultural-population proxy source.
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- Snake species distribution and habitat model source.
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- Date range and reporting lag.
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- License or reuse permission.
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## Rejection Rule
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A dataset is rejected for canonical antivenom access-gap analysis if grain, date range, license, or incidence estimation methodology cannot be verified. Sources that provide only global estimates without sub-national granularity may be used as context but not as proof of district-level access gaps.

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