diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/common/exception/errorCode/UserErrorCode.java b/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/common/exception/errorCode/UserErrorCode.java
index 738a1358..f801a6fa 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/common/exception/errorCode/UserErrorCode.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/common/exception/errorCode/UserErrorCode.java
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public enum UserErrorCode implements ErrorCode {
 
 	VOTE_NOT_FOUND(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "투표를 한 적이 없습니다."),
 	VOTE_ROOM_NOT_FOUND(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "생성된 투표방이 없습니다."),
-	CANDIDATE_NOT_FOUND(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "투표 후보가 아닙니다."),
+	CANDIDATE_NOT_FOUND(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "투표 후보가 아닙니다."),
 	ALREADY_VOTED(HttpStatus.CONFLICT, "이미 투표를 하였습니다."),
 	DUPLICATE_VOTE_ROOM(HttpStatus.CONFLICT, "이미 투표방이 존재합니다."),
 
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/domains/placeVoteRoom/controller/PlaceVoteRoomController.java b/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/domains/placeVoteRoom/controller/PlaceVoteRoomController.java
index 2eb746fa..9bbe2d85 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/domains/placeVoteRoom/controller/PlaceVoteRoomController.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/domains/placeVoteRoom/controller/PlaceVoteRoomController.java
@@ -225,6 +225,11 @@ public ResponseEntity<DataResponse<PlaceVoteInfoResponse>> placeVoteRoomResultGe
 				responseCode = "200",
 				description = "성공"
 			),
+			@ApiResponse(
+				responseCode = "400",
+				description = "투표 후보가 아닙니다.",
+				content = @Content(schema = @Schema(implementation = ErrorResponse.class))
+			),
 			@ApiResponse(
 				responseCode = "401",
 				description = "인증에 실패하였습니다.",
@@ -245,11 +250,6 @@ public ResponseEntity<DataResponse<PlaceVoteInfoResponse>> placeVoteRoomResultGe
 				description = "생성된 투표방이 없습니다.",
 				content = @Content(schema = @Schema(implementation = ErrorResponse.class))
 			),
-			@ApiResponse(
-				responseCode = "404",
-				description = "투표 후보가 아닙니다.",
-				content = @Content(schema = @Schema(implementation = ErrorResponse.class))
-			),
 			@ApiResponse(
 				responseCode = "409",
 				description = "이미 투표를 하였습니다.",
@@ -288,6 +288,11 @@ public ResponseEntity<?> vote(@RequestBody @Valid PlaceVoteRequest request) {
 				responseCode = "200",
 				description = "성공"
 			),
+			@ApiResponse(
+				responseCode = "400",
+				description = "투표 후보가 아닙니다.",
+				content = @Content(schema = @Schema(implementation = ErrorResponse.class))
+			),
 			@ApiResponse(
 				responseCode = "401",
 				description = "인증에 실패하였습니다.",
@@ -308,11 +313,6 @@ public ResponseEntity<?> vote(@RequestBody @Valid PlaceVoteRequest request) {
 				description = "생성된 투표방이 없습니다.",
 				content = @Content(schema = @Schema(implementation = ErrorResponse.class))
 			),
-			@ApiResponse(
-				responseCode = "404",
-				description = "투표 후보가 아닙니다.",
-				content = @Content(schema = @Schema(implementation = ErrorResponse.class))
-			),
 			@ApiResponse(
 				responseCode = "404",
 				description = "투표를 한 적이 없습니다.",
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/domains/timeVoteRoom/controller/TimeVoteRoomController.java b/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/domains/timeVoteRoom/controller/TimeVoteRoomController.java
index 1a136855..539ec349 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/domains/timeVoteRoom/controller/TimeVoteRoomController.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/domains/timeVoteRoom/controller/TimeVoteRoomController.java
@@ -170,6 +170,11 @@ public ResponseEntity<DataResponse<TimeVoteRoomCreateResponse>> timeVoteRoomRecr
 				responseCode = "200",
 				description = "성공"
 			),
+			@ApiResponse(
+				responseCode = "400",
+				description = "투표 후보가 아닙니다.",
+				content = @Content(schema = @Schema(implementation = ErrorResponse.class))
+			),
 			@ApiResponse(
 				responseCode = "401",
 				description = "인증에 실패하였습니다.",
@@ -190,7 +195,6 @@ public ResponseEntity<DataResponse<TimeVoteRoomCreateResponse>> timeVoteRoomRecr
 				description = "생성된 투표방이 없습니다.",
 				content = @Content(schema = @Schema(implementation = ErrorResponse.class))
 			),
-
 			@ApiResponse(
 				responseCode = "409",
 				description = "이미 투표를 하였습니다.",
@@ -230,6 +234,11 @@ public ResponseEntity<?> vote(@RequestBody @Valid TimeVoteRoomVoteRequest reques
 				responseCode = "200",
 				description = "성공"
 			),
+			@ApiResponse(
+				responseCode = "400",
+				description = "투표 후보가 아닙니다.",
+				content = @Content(schema = @Schema(implementation = ErrorResponse.class))
+			),
 			@ApiResponse(
 				responseCode = "401",
 				description = "인증에 실패하였습니다.",
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/domains/timeVoteRoom/service/TimeVoteRoomService.java b/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/domains/timeVoteRoom/service/TimeVoteRoomService.java
index 74528c22..5b1de03a 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/domains/timeVoteRoom/service/TimeVoteRoomService.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/middle_point_search/backend/domains/timeVoteRoom/service/TimeVoteRoomService.java
@@ -1,25 +1,31 @@
 package middle_point_search.backend.domains.timeVoteRoom.service;
 
+import static middle_point_search.backend.common.exception.errorCode.UserErrorCode.*;
+import static middle_point_search.backend.domains.timeVoteRoom.dto.TimeVoteRoomDTO.*;
+
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
+
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import middle_point_search.backend.common.exception.CustomException;
+import middle_point_search.backend.domains.member.domain.Member;
+import middle_point_search.backend.domains.room.domain.Room;
 import middle_point_search.backend.domains.timeVoteRoom.domain.MeetingDate;
 import middle_point_search.backend.domains.timeVoteRoom.domain.TimeVote;
 import middle_point_search.backend.domains.timeVoteRoom.domain.TimeVoteRoom;
 import middle_point_search.backend.domains.timeVoteRoom.repository.MeetingDateRepository;
 import middle_point_search.backend.domains.timeVoteRoom.repository.TimeVoteRepository;
 import middle_point_search.backend.domains.timeVoteRoom.repository.TimeVoteRoomRepository;
-import middle_point_search.backend.domains.member.domain.Member;
-import middle_point_search.backend.domains.room.domain.Room;
-
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
-import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
-
-import java.time.LocalDate;
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
-import java.util.*;
-
-import static middle_point_search.backend.common.exception.errorCode.UserErrorCode.*;
-import static middle_point_search.backend.domains.timeVoteRoom.dto.TimeVoteRoomDTO.*;
 
 @Service
 @RequiredArgsConstructor
@@ -107,11 +113,19 @@ private List<TimeVote> createNewTimeVotes(List<TimeRange> dateTimeRanges, TimeVo
 			LocalDateTime memberAvailableStartTime = timeRange.getMemberAvailableStartTime();
 			LocalDateTime memberAvailableEndTime = timeRange.getMemberAvailableEndTime();
 			LocalDateTime startDateTime = memberAvailableStartTime.toLocalDate().atStartOfDay();
-			Optional<MeetingDate> meetingDateOpt = meetingDateRepository.findByTimeVoteRoomAndDate(timeVoteRoom,
-				startDateTime.toLocalDate());
-			MeetingDate meetingDate = meetingDateOpt.orElseThrow(() -> new CustomException(VOTE_ROOM_NOT_FOUND));
-			TimeVote timeVote = new TimeVote(timeVoteRoom, meetingDate, member, memberAvailableStartTime,
+
+			MeetingDate meetingDate = meetingDateRepository.findByTimeVoteRoomAndDate(
+					timeVoteRoom,
+					startDateTime.toLocalDate())
+				.orElseThrow(() -> new CustomException(CANDIDATE_NOT_FOUND));
+
+			TimeVote timeVote = new TimeVote(
+				timeVoteRoom,
+				meetingDate,
+				member,
+				memberAvailableStartTime,
 				memberAvailableEndTime);
+
 			timeVotes.add(timeVote);
 		}
 		return timeVotes;
@@ -131,7 +145,8 @@ public TimeVoteRoomResultResponse getTimeVoteResult(Room room) {
 			List<TimeVoteDetail> details = new ArrayList<>();
 
 			// 해당 날짜의 모든 투표 정보 가져오기
-			List<TimeVote> timeVotes = timeVoteRepository.findAllByTimeVoteRoomAndMeetingDate(timeVoteRoom, meetingDate);
+			List<TimeVote> timeVotes = timeVoteRepository.findAllByTimeVoteRoomAndMeetingDate(timeVoteRoom,
+				meetingDate);
 			for (TimeVote vote : timeVotes) {
 				List<TimeRange> dateTimeList = Arrays.asList(
 					new TimeRange(