Lesson02-Python_Basic.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# [X-Village] Lesson 02 -Python_Basic(I)\n",
    "## by 鍾日超"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 寫python時遇到問題怎麼辦？\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/w4IoUNg.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 寫python時遇到問題怎麼辦？\n",
    "1. python doc\n",
    "2. stackoverflow\n",
    "3. google\n",
    "4. 同儕、老師、助教等等"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# [python doc](https://docs.python.org/3/)\n",
    "* 安裝問題\n",
    "* 教學\n",
    "* 標準函式庫\n",
    "* 更新模組\n",
    "* 等等....."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# [python doc](https://docs.python.org/3/) (cont'd)\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/ITGIfI7.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# [stackoverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/)\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/oDRzt5I.jpg)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## [stackoverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/) (cont'd)\n",
    "\n",
    "### 遇到 errors、bugs\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/WtXaX0b.png)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# [stackoverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/) (cont'd)\n",
    "\n",
    "* 找工作\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/6ctFqeF.png)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# [Google](https://www.google.com)\n",
    "\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/iKoqpPh.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 同儕\n",
    "## [提問的藝術](https://ryanhanwu.gitbooks.io/how-to-ask-questions-the-smart-way/content/)\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/r5yIVEC.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# jupyter notebook\n",
    "1. 打開終端機輸入jupyter notebook\n",
    "2. 點選進入你存放檔案的路徑\n",
    "3. ![](https://i.imgur.com/0vdLCmo.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# jupyter notebook(cont'd)\n",
    "## 好用的快捷鍵\n",
    "1. shift + enter : 執行cell，且新增一個cell\n",
    "2. Ctrl + enter : 執行cell\n",
    "3. A : 在選定cell上方新增cell\n",
    "4. B : 在選定cell下方新增cell\n",
    "5. X : 移除選定的cell\n",
    "6. Tab : 自動補完指令\n",
    "7. 其他快捷鍵 ![](https://i.imgur.com/vja4InM.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Demo"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Python\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/X7cGHpS.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 今天會上什麼呢？\n",
    "1. 物件(object)\n",
    "2. 變數(variable)\n",
    "3. 數值型態(int、float)\n",
    "4. 運算子與運算元(operator and operand)\n",
    "5. 常見資料型態(boolean、string、list....)\n",
    "6. 輸入與輸出(input、print)\n",
    "7. 條件句(if ... elif ... else)\n",
    "8. 迴圈(while、for)\n",
    "9. 註解(# \\`\\`\\`)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Lesson 02-Python Basic\n",
    "## 課堂練習(計分)\n",
    "## ex1. 用公式解解一元二次方程式\n",
    "## ex2. 判斷座標在第幾象限\n",
    "## ex3. 終極密碼 － 猜數字 （小遊戲）\n",
    "## ex4. 用 \\* 印出直角三角形\n",
    "## (加分)ex5. 解找出 1~50 內的所有質數 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 第一個課堂練習(不計分)  印出 \"Hello World !\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Exercise"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Python基本介紹\n",
    "1. 物件(object)\n",
    "2. 變數(variable)\n",
    "3. 數值型態(int、float)\n",
    "4. 運算子與運算元(operator and operand)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 1.物件(object)\n",
    "* python中 每一個東西都是一個物件\n",
    "* 物件可以被理解為一種容器\n",
    "* 每個物件有屬於自己的型別(type)與值(value)\n",
    "* 在記憶體中佔有空間\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/pdgvc4L.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "123"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "123"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "int"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(123)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Hello World!'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\"Hello World!\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "str"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(\"Hello World!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 2.變數(variable)\n",
    "* 不用宣告型別(int、float)\n",
    "* 為物件命名(不能為保留字)\n",
    "* 記憶體位址為物件的記憶體位址"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "* 不用宣告型別\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/W1xYG59.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "<class 'int'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 1\n",
    "print(a)\n",
    "print(type(a))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello\n",
      "<class 'str'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b = \"Hello\"\n",
    "print(b)\n",
    "print(type(b))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# = Assign\n",
    "## 其意義不是我們數學符號中的等於"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = 1\n",
    "a = 2\n",
    "#1 = 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "8\n",
      "8\n",
      "7\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 8\n",
    "print(a)\n",
    "\n",
    "b = a\n",
    "print(b)\n",
    "\n",
    "a = 7\n",
    "print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/fnrgZ87.gif)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 為物件命名 － 命名方式\n",
    "* 開頭必為大小寫英文字母或底線\n",
    "* 非開頭可以為大小寫英文字母、數字、底線\n",
    "* 區分大小寫(case sensitivity)\n",
    "* 不可為保留字(reserved words)及運算子(operator)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    \n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/MKfCASH.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 合法的變數命名方式\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Mary Joe John\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "name0   = \"Mary\"\n",
    "_nAmE_2 = \"Joe\"\n",
    "Name0   = \"John\" # case sensitivity\n",
    "print(name0 , _nAmE_2 , Name0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 錯誤的變數命名方式，大家可以依序把註解(#)拿掉看看結果"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#1name  = \"Mike\"\n",
    "#+name  = \"James\" # + 為運算子\n",
    "#name.1 = \"Kate\"\n",
    "#for    = \"Cindy\" # for 為保留字"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 正確的命名方式 - 有意義的命名\n",
    "* 小寫、兩個單字以底線隔開、有意義的名字"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "50\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a1 = 5\n",
    "a2 = 10\n",
    "a3 = a1 * a2\n",
    "print(a3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "50\n",
      "90\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bike_time = 5\n",
    "bike_speed = 10\n",
    "bike_distance = bike_time * bike_speed\n",
    "print(bike_distance)\n",
    "\n",
    "car_time = 3\n",
    "car_speed = 30\n",
    "car_distance = car_time * car_speed\n",
    "print(car_distance)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 3. 數值型態(numbers)\n",
    "* 整數(integer)\n",
    "* 浮點數(float)\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/kD3JGSz.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5\n",
      "0\n",
      "-10\n",
      "3.3333333333333335\n",
      "1\n",
      "3\n",
      "0.01\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(10 + (-5))\n",
    "print(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1)\n",
    "print(10 * (-1))\n",
    "print(10 / 3) # 會變成浮點數\n",
    "print(10 % 3)\n",
    "print(10 // 3)\n",
    "print(10 ** (-2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 浮點數\n",
    "* 0.5 = 2**(-1)\n",
    "* 0.9 = 2\\**(-1) + 2\\**(-2) + 2\\**(-3) ....\n",
    "\n",
    "參考：[IEEE754](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1 / 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3.3333333333333335"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "10 / 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## round()：\n",
    "* 四捨六入五成雙（Banker's Rounding）\n",
    "    * 四 表示 < 5\n",
    "    * 六 表示 > 5\n",
    "    * 五 表示 捨入位之後的尾數剛好為5的話看前一位，若為偶數，則進位，反之，不進位。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "round(10/3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3.33"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "round(10 / 3, 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "round(0.5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "round(1.5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### 浮點數與整數運算會變為浮點數"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3.5\n",
      "<class 'float'>\n",
      "3.0\n",
      "<class 'float'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(1.5 + 2)\n",
    "print(type(1.5 + 2))\n",
    "print(1.5 // 0.5) # 浮點數運算完 還是浮點數\n",
    "print(type(1.5 // 0.2))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### python2 與 python3 的除法\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/WUql41d.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 4. 運算元與運算子\n",
    "## 運算元(operand)：即物件(int、float...)\n",
    "## 運算子(operator)\n",
    "* 數學運算子\n",
    "* 布林運算子(又稱邏輯運算子)\n",
    "* 比較運算子\n",
    "* 位元運算子\n",
    "* 賦值運算子"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 數學運算子\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/kD3JGSz.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 比較運算子\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/CDunWsU.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## == ： 判斷左右兩邊的值是不是一樣\n",
    "## != ：  !為not的意思  != 判斷左右兩邊的值是不是不一樣"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "True\n",
      "False\n",
      "False\n",
      "True\n",
      "False\n",
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 10\n",
    "b = -1.5\n",
    "print(a > b)\n",
    "print(a < b)\n",
    "print(a == b)\n",
    "print(a >= b)\n",
    "print(a <= b)\n",
    "print(a != b)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 布林運算子(又稱邏輯運算子)\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/5DnD9hs.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "(1+1 > 2) or (2 > 0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "not(False) and (3 > 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 位元運算子(2進位)\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/efYImn4.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1 << 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/hRQ0RiX.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 賦值運算子\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/pNC3lCN.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 2\n",
    "a **= 2\n",
    "print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 運算子優先順序\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/DhysPNH.png)\n",
    "## reference : [unary operator](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "15.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 3 + 10/5*2*(1+2)\n",
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 課堂練習\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/IXepJRS.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Exercise\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Python基本介紹 (cont'd)\n",
    "1. 常見資料型態\n",
    "    * 數值\n",
    "    * 布林\n",
    "    * 字串\n",
    "    * 序列\n",
    "    * 字典\n",
    "2. 輸入與輸出\n",
    "3. 條件句\n",
    "4. 迴圈\n",
    "5. 註解"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 1.常見資料型態\n",
    "## 布林(Boolean) : True、False(字首一定要大寫)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 > 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "not True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 期末考成績"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "chinese = 98\n",
    "english = 65\n",
    "math = 87\n",
    "history = 77\n",
    "physics = 50\n",
    "chemistry = 88"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "score = [98, 65, 87, 77, 50, 88]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 序列\n",
    "* list\n",
    "* tuple"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##  List：有順序的物件集合，具有索引特性，長度可變動。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[] [100, 200, 300, 400, 500] ['apple', 'banana'] [1, 0.9, 'cat', [1, 2], ['apple', 'banana']]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = []\n",
    "numbers = [100, 200, 300, 400, 500]\n",
    "fruit = ['apple', 'banana']\n",
    "mixed = [1, 0.9, 'cat', [1, 2], fruit]\n",
    "print(a,numbers, fruit, mixed)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/VGna9GC.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "100\n",
      "200\n",
      "500\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers = [100, 200, 300, 400, 500]\n",
    "print(numbers[0])\n",
    "print(numbers[1])\n",
    "print(numbers[-1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 常見的運算方式\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/Zb0RWue.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## [i : j]  從 i 開始，遇到 j 結束\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/EghDzlj.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[100, 200, 300, 400, 500]\n",
      "[200, 300]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers = [100, 200, 300, 400, 500]\n",
    "print(numbers)\n",
    "print(numbers[1:3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/rVKVmLl.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[200, 400, 600, 800]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers = [100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800]\n",
    "print(numbers[1:8:2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[100, 300, 500, 700]\n",
      "True\n",
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers = [100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800]\n",
    "\n",
    "del[numbers[1:10:2]]\n",
    "print(numbers)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(300 in numbers)\n",
    "print(400 not in numbers)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",
      "[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]\n",
      "10\n",
      "[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = [2, 4, 6]\n",
    "b = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",
    "print(a + b)\n",
    "\n",
    "c = [1]*10\n",
    "print(c)\n",
    "print(len(c))\n",
    "\n",
    "print(b)\n",
    "# print(max(b))\n",
    "# print(min(b))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 常用的函式\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/LjKN8ZJ.png)\n",
    "### [reference](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## tuple：就像是list，不過list賦值之後可以更改，但是tuple不行。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(1, 2, -1.2, 'hi')\n",
      "<class 'tuple'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = (1, 2, -1.2, 'hi')\n",
    "print(a)\n",
    "print(type(a))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('apple', 'banana', 'grape', 'watermelon', 'guava', '123')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fruit = ('apple', 'banana', 'grape', 'watermelon')\n",
    "fruit = fruit + ('guava', '123')\n",
    "print(fruit)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### 為什麼要加逗號？\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/Wmt3tQE.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'int'>\n",
      "<class 'tuple'>\n",
      "<class 'tuple'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = (1)\n",
    "print(type(a))\n",
    "\n",
    "b = (1,)\n",
    "print(type(b))\n",
    "\n",
    "c = (1, 2)\n",
    "print(type(c))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 切記!有更動到值的運算都不能使用"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "number = (1, 2, 3)\n",
    "# number[0] = 5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(4, 5, 6)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "number = (1, 2, 3)\n",
    "number = (4, 5, 6)\n",
    "print(number)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/YIxTkBV.gif)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "number = [1, 2, 3]\n",
    "number[0] = 4\n",
    "number[1] = 5\n",
    "number[2] = 6"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/Sa3Y823.gif)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "# 字典(dictionary)\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/3fo87R6.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Physics score =  50\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "subject = ['Chinese', 'English', 'Math', 'History', 'Physics', 'Chemistry']\n",
    "score = [98, 65, 87, 77, 50, 88]\n",
    "\n",
    "ind = subject.index('Physics')\n",
    "print(\"Physics score = \", score[ind])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 字典的出現，使我們更方便取得對應的值。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Physics score =  50\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "grade = {\n",
    "    'Chinese' : 98,\n",
    "    'English' : 65,\n",
    "    'Math' : 87,\n",
    "    'History' : 77,\n",
    "    'Physics' : 50,\n",
    "    'Chemistry' : 88\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Physics score = \", grade['Physics'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/0YWRLD9.png)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "grade = {\n",
    "    'Chinese' : 98,\n",
    "    'English' : 65,\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 新增"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'Chinese': 98, 'English': 65}\n",
      "{'Chinese': 98, 'English': 65, 'Math': 100}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(grade)\n",
    "\n",
    "grade['Math'] = 100\n",
    "print(grade)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 更改"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{'Chinese': 98, 'English': 65, 'Math': 100}\n",
      "{'Chinese': 98, 'English': 95, 'Math': 100}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(grade)\n",
    "\n",
    "grade['English'] = 95\n",
    "print(grade)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## key 與 value 可以為任意型態"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "{0: 'Hi!', 'Apple': 12.3}\n",
      "12.3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = {\n",
    "    0 : 'Hi!',\n",
    "    'Apple' : 12.3,\n",
    "}\n",
    "print(a)\n",
    "print(a['Apple'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 常用的函式\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/6m7kEmu.png)\n",
    "## [reference](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/methods/dictionary)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 字串(String)\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/IxD0lJZ.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "p\n",
      "e\n",
      "Apple Banana\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"Apple\"\n",
    "print(a[1])\n",
    "print(a[-1])\n",
    "\n",
    "b = 'Banana'\n",
    "c = a + \" \" + b\n",
    "print(c)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 2.輸入與輸出\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/mNbvViQ.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 輸入：input()  - string"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter a sentence: Hi!\n",
      "Hi!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = input(\"Enter a sentence: \")\n",
    "print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter a number: 123\n",
      "The number you type is : 123\n",
      "<class 'str'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n",
    "print(\"The number you type is :\", a)\n",
    "print(type(a))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter a number: 0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n",
    "#print(2 + a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/vFcaBda.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 轉換型別 - int() 、 float() 、 str()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'str'>\n",
      "<class 'int'>\n",
      "<class 'float'>\n",
      "123.0\n",
      "<class 'str'>\n",
      "123.0\n",
      ".\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = \"123\"\n",
    "print(type(a))\n",
    "\n",
    "b = int(a)\n",
    "print(type(b))\n",
    "\n",
    "c = float(b)\n",
    "print(type(c))\n",
    "print(c)\n",
    "\n",
    "d = str(c)\n",
    "print(type(d))\n",
    "print(d)\n",
    "print(d[3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 輸出：print() \n",
    "* sep = ' ' 指定每個輸出值之間的分隔字元，預設為空白。\n",
    "* end = ' ' 指定在句尾輸出的最後加上字元，預設為換行。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 2.0 3 41\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(1, 2.0, '3', 4, end='')\n",
    "print(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "12.034\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(1, 2.0, '3', 4,  sep='' )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 2.0 3 4!!!!!!!"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(1, 2.0, \"3\", 4, end='!!!!!!!' )"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## python2 與 python3 的print\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/G5SpNSa.png)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 3.條件句\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/Kok5Wbb.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter the weather: rainy\n",
      "Bring umbrella\n",
      "Go out.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "weather = input(\"Enter the weather: \")\n",
    "if weather == 'rainy':\n",
    "    print(\"Bring umbrella\")\n",
    "print(\"Go out.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Out of if.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if False:\n",
    "    print(\"In the if.\" )\n",
    "print(\"Out of if.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 縮排(indentation)\n",
    "* 不同的程式區塊(block)\n",
    "* 一個程式的縮排要統一使用相同的空白數或統一使用tab\n",
    "* 建議使用四個空白鍵\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/rceTWyv.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 試試看把註解(#)拿掉"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if 2 > 0:\n",
    "    print(\"True\")\n",
    "#  print(\"True\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/HYjWTxL.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/jZZXFHt.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Oh no! I fail.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "score = 57\n",
    "if score >= 60:\n",
    "    print(\"Yeah! I pass.\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"Oh no! I fail.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/TnIyPpa.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# else if  = elif"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "D\n",
      "End\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "score = 60\n",
    "if score >= 90:\n",
    "    print('A')\n",
    "elif score >= 80:\n",
    "    print('B')\n",
    "elif score >= 70:\n",
    "    print('C')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('D')\n",
    "    \n",
    "print('End')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 巢狀 if \n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/AlFHgf1.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "C\n",
      "End\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "score = 70\n",
    "if score >= 80:\n",
    "    if score >= 90:\n",
    "        print('A')\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('B')\n",
    "else: \n",
    "    if score >= 70:\n",
    "        print('C')\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('D')\n",
    "print('End')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "if 0.1*3 == 0.3:\n",
    "    print('True')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "False\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(0.1*3 == 0.3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# !!! 切記，判斷浮點數(float)的四則運算的結果時務必移項\n",
    "## 例如： a\\*b == c  代換成   (a*b - c) < 誤差值 (10**(-6))\n",
    "[IEEE754 - 2精度](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if 0.1*3 - 0.3 < 10**(-6):\n",
    "    print('True')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 課堂練習(不計分)\n",
    "## 思考一下下面程式碼有什麼問題"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "C\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "score = 70\n",
    "if score < 70:\n",
    "    print('D')\n",
    "elif score >= 70:\n",
    "    print('C')\n",
    "elif score >= 80:\n",
    "    print('B')\n",
    "elif score >= 90:\n",
    "    print('A')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 課堂練習(計分)\n",
    "## A B C D 四點分別為第幾象限，請用if else做判斷。\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/pE4TMoc.png)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Exercise\n",
    "A = [-1, -10]\n",
    "B = [5, -5]\n",
    "C = [1, 1]\n",
    "D = [-2, 3]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 複習一下我們昨天學到什麼\n",
    "1. python中任何東西都是個物件，每個物件都有它自己的型別（type）\n",
    "2. 常見的型別有int、float、string、list、tuple、dictionary等等\n",
    "4. 除了int與float之間可以直接做運算，其他不同型別的物件彼此做運算時需要轉換型別。\n",
    "3. if ... elif ... else"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Enter your grade: 90\n",
      "C\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "score = int(input(\"Enter your grade: \"))\n",
    "if score < 70:\n",
    "    print('D')\n",
    "elif score >= 70:\n",
    "    print('C')\n",
    "elif score >= 80:\n",
    "    print('B')\n",
    "elif score >= 90:\n",
    "    print('A')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/6BYGZJy.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 問題回答\n",
    "1. 為什麼助教要在終端機上面打 vim?\n",
    "> vim 就像是word、記事本一樣是一種文字編輯器\n",
    "> 安裝插件，就可以寫非常多種的程式語言\n",
    "> 直接在終端機下指令，編譯、執行程式或直譯\n",
    "2. 那什麼是終端機？\n",
    "> reference [為你自己學 Git - 終端機及常用指令介紹 --- 高見龍](https://gitbook.tw/chapters/command-line/command-line.html)\n",
    "3. 為什麼助教可以直接打 2 > 1 就輸出 True\n",
    "> jupyter notebook 為求方便看見運算結果可支援這麼做，但是在 .py檔，不能這麼做。\n",
    "4. 那為什麼jupyter notebook 可以支援\n",
    "> 假設我有100個cell，我在第一個 cell 打 a = 1，我寫到第100個cell時，要用到a，可是我忘記a的值，我就打a，就可以輸出a的值，而不是用print()。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 若今天要你把小於10的所有奇數印出來，你會怎麼做？"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "3\n",
      "5\n",
      "7\n",
      "9\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(1)\n",
    "print(3)\n",
    "print(5)\n",
    "print(7)\n",
    "print(9)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 好像不太困難呢!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 那請把小於100的所有奇數印出來"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 3 5 7 9 11\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 我累了~"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 複習一下 if"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "end\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 1\n",
    "if a < 10:\n",
    "    print(a)\n",
    "    a += 2\n",
    "print(\"end\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 4.迴圈(loop)\n",
    "##  while\n",
    "##  for"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/vGvLiiu.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 end\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 1\n",
    "while a < 100:\n",
    "    print(a, end = ' ')\n",
    "    a += 2\n",
    "print(\"end\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 把小於10的奇數印出來\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/MCXhzad.gif)\n",
    "-引用自http://www.mathwarehouse.com"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 要怎麼計算從1+2+3 + ... + 100 ? + 1000?\n",
    "## total = 1+ 2 + 3 + ... +100 + ... +1000 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "total = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 太累了!!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 使用迴圈！\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/ZqQPjNb.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 "
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 100\n",
    "iterate = 0\n",
    "while iterate != n:\n",
    "    iterate += 1\n",
    "    print(iterate, end=' ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/biEySbT.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5050\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 100\n",
    "iterate = 0\n",
    "total = 0\n",
    "while iterate != n:\n",
    "    iterate += 1\n",
    "    total += iterate\n",
    "print(total)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 78,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "101 % 2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## while + if\n",
    "### 判斷1~6的數字是奇數還是偶數\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/pnHroTN.gif)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/T0I7mcl.png)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5 is odd\n",
      "6 is even\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = 5\n",
    "while a < 7:\n",
    "    if (a % 2 == 0):\n",
    "        print(a, \"is even\")\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(a, \"is odd\")\n",
    "    a += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 欲求 1~1000 中可以整除11的最大數"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "990\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 0\n",
    "ans = 0\n",
    "while n <= 1000:\n",
    "    if (n % 11 == 0):\n",
    "        ans = n\n",
    "    n += 1\n",
    "print(ans)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 思考一下\n",
    "### 找最大的數，從1000往1找比較快找到，還是我從1開始往1000找?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 81,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1000\n",
      "999\n",
      "998\n",
      "997\n",
      "996\n",
      "995\n",
      "994\n",
      "993\n",
      "992\n",
      "991\n",
      "correct 990\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 1000\n",
    "flag = True\n",
    "while n > 0:\n",
    "    if (n % 11 == 0) and flag:\n",
    "        print(\"correct\", n)\n",
    "        flag = False\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    print(n)\n",
    "    n -= 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/Tpn39TP.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 明明找10次最大值 990 就找到了，可是程式還是找了1000次！\n",
    "\n",
    "## break ：中斷其所在的最接近迴圈"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/Go8XID4.png)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "999\n",
      "998\n",
      "997\n",
      "996\n",
      "995\n",
      "994\n",
      "993\n",
      "992\n",
      "991\n",
      "990\n",
      "correct 990\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 1000\n",
    "while n > 0:\n",
    "    if (n % 11 == 0):\n",
    "        print(\"correct\", n)\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    n -= 1\n",
    "    print(n)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# continue\n",
    "## 省略下方迴圈區塊內的程式碼，進行迴圈的下一回合。\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/Af930du.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "10 is even.\n",
      "9 is odd.\n",
      "8 is even.\n",
      "7 is odd.\n",
      "6 is even.\n",
      "5 is odd.\n",
      "4 is even.\n",
      "3 is odd.\n",
      "2 is even.\n",
      "1 is odd.\n",
      "End\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 10\n",
    "while n > 0:\n",
    "    if n % 2 == 0:\n",
    "        print(n, \"is even.\")\n",
    "        n -= 1\n",
    "        continue\n",
    "    print(n, \"is odd.\")\n",
    "    n -= 1\n",
    "print(\"End\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/6evBJHL.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 課堂練習 - 終極密碼 (計分)\n",
    "## 說明：隨機產生一個1~100整數的答案(已寫好)，寫一個可以一直猜答案的小程式，若猜的答案太小輸出\"Too small\"，若猜的答案太大輸出\"Too big\"，猜對答案輸出\"Correct\"，程式才結束。\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/X0Lv7AK.png)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 提示：可以先把答案印出來，比較容易知道自己寫的對不對！"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Exercise\n",
    "import random\n",
    "\n",
    "answer = random.randint(1,100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 我想印 99乘法表"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1*1=1\t1*2=2\t1*3=3\t1*4=4\t1*5=5\t1*6=6\t1*7=7\t1*8=8\t1*9=9\n",
      "2*1=2\t2*2=4\t2*3=6\t2*4=8\t2*5=10\t2*6=12\t2*7=14\t2*8=16\t2*9=18\n",
      "3*1=3\t3*2=6\t3*3=9\t3*4=12\t3*5=15\t3*6=18\t3*7=21\t3*8=24\t3*9=27\n",
      "4*1=4\t4*2=8\t4*3=12\t4*4=16\t4*5=20\t4*6=24\t4*7=28\t4*8=32\t4*9=36\n",
      "5*1=5\t5*2=10\t5*3=15\t5*4=20\t5*5=25\t5*6=30\t5*7=35\t5*8=40\t5*9=45\n",
      "6*1=6\t6*2=12\t6*3=18\t6*4=24\t6*5=30\t6*6=36\t6*7=42\t6*8=48\t6*9=54\n",
      "7*1=7\t7*2=14\t7*3=21\t7*4=28\t7*5=35\t7*6=42\t7*7=49\t7*8=56\t7*9=63\n",
      "8*1=8\t8*2=16\t8*3=24\t8*4=32\t8*5=40\t8*6=48\t8*7=56\t8*8=64\t8*9=72\n",
      "9*1=9\t9*2=18\t9*3=27\t9*4=36\t9*5=45\t9*6=54\t9*7=63\t9*8=72\t9*9=81\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = 1\n",
    "while i < 10:\n",
    "    print(i, '*', 1, '=', i * 1, sep='', end='\\t')\n",
    "    print(i, '*', 2, '=', i * 2, sep='', end='\\t')\n",
    "    print(i, '*', 3, '=', i * 3, sep='', end='\\t')\n",
    "    print(i, '*', 4, '=', i * 4, sep='', end='\\t')\n",
    "    print(i, '*', 5, '=', i * 5, sep='', end='\\t')\n",
    "    print(i, '*', 6, '=', i * 6, sep='', end='\\t')\n",
    "    print(i, '*', 7, '=', i * 7, sep='', end='\\t')\n",
    "    print(i, '*', 8, '=', i * 8, sep='', end='\\t')\n",
    "    print(i, '*', 9, '=', i * 9, sep='', end='\\n')\n",
    "    i += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 如果今天是99*99乘法表呢？"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 巢狀迴圈(nested loop) - while\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 86,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1*1=1\t1*2=2\t1*3=3\t1*4=4\t1*5=5\t1*6=6\t1*7=7\t1*8=8\t1*9=9\t\n",
      "2*1=2\t2*2=4\t2*3=6\t2*4=8\t2*5=10\t2*6=12\t2*7=14\t2*8=16\t2*9=18\t\n",
      "3*1=3\t3*2=6\t3*3=9\t3*4=12\t3*5=15\t3*6=18\t3*7=21\t3*8=24\t3*9=27\t\n",
      "4*1=4\t4*2=8\t4*3=12\t4*4=16\t4*5=20\t4*6=24\t4*7=28\t4*8=32\t4*9=36\t\n",
      "5*1=5\t5*2=10\t5*3=15\t5*4=20\t5*5=25\t5*6=30\t5*7=35\t5*8=40\t5*9=45\t\n",
      "6*1=6\t6*2=12\t6*3=18\t6*4=24\t6*5=30\t6*6=36\t6*7=42\t6*8=48\t6*9=54\t\n",
      "7*1=7\t7*2=14\t7*3=21\t7*4=28\t7*5=35\t7*6=42\t7*7=49\t7*8=56\t7*9=63\t\n",
      "8*1=8\t8*2=16\t8*3=24\t8*4=32\t8*5=40\t8*6=48\t8*7=56\t8*8=64\t8*9=72\t\n",
      "9*1=9\t9*2=18\t9*3=27\t9*4=36\t9*5=45\t9*6=54\t9*7=63\t9*8=72\t9*9=81\t\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = 1   # 被乘數\n",
    "j = 1   # 乘數\n",
    "while i <= 9:\n",
    "    while j <= 9:\n",
    "        print(i, '*', j, '=', i* j, sep='', end='\\t')\n",
    "        j += 1\n",
    "    print(\"\")\n",
    "    j = 1\n",
    "    i += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/LLyoDsg.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 課堂練習(不計分) － 思考一下  改變n的值會發生什麼事?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1*1=1\t1*2=2\t1*3=3\t1*4=4\t1*5=5\t\n",
      "2*1=2\t2*2=4\t2*3=6\t2*4=8\t2*5=10\t\n",
      "3*1=3\t3*2=6\t3*3=9\t3*4=12\t3*5=15\t\n",
      "4*1=4\t4*2=8\t4*3=12\t4*4=16\t4*5=20\t\n",
      "5*1=5\t5*2=10\t5*3=15\t5*4=20\t5*5=25\t\n",
      "6*1=6\t6*2=12\t6*3=18\t6*4=24\t6*5=30\t\n",
      "7*1=7\t7*2=14\t7*3=21\t7*4=28\t7*5=35\t\n",
      "8*1=8\t8*2=16\t8*3=24\t8*4=32\t8*5=40\t\n",
      "9*1=9\t9*2=18\t9*3=27\t9*4=36\t9*5=45\t\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 9\n",
    "i = 1\n",
    "j = 1\n",
    "while i <= n:\n",
    "    while j <= 5:\n",
    "        print(i, '*', j, '=', i* j, sep='', end='\\t')\n",
    "        j += 1\n",
    "    print(\"\")\n",
    "    j = 1\n",
    "    i += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 88,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1*1=1\t1*2=2\t1*3=3\t1*4=4\t1*5=5\t1*6=6\t1*7=7\t1*8=8\t1*9=9\t\n",
      "2*1=2\t2*2=4\t2*3=6\t2*4=8\t2*5=10\t2*6=12\t2*7=14\t2*8=16\t2*9=18\t\n",
      "3*1=3\t3*2=6\t3*3=9\t3*4=12\t3*5=15\t3*6=18\t3*7=21\t3*8=24\t3*9=27\t\n",
      "4*1=4\t4*2=8\t4*3=12\t4*4=16\t4*5=20\t4*6=24\t4*7=28\t4*8=32\t4*9=36\t\n",
      "5*1=5\t5*2=10\t5*3=15\t5*4=20\t5*5=25\t5*6=30\t5*7=35\t5*8=40\t5*9=45\t\n",
      "6*1=6\t6*2=12\t6*3=18\t6*4=24\t6*5=30\t6*6=36\t6*7=42\t6*8=48\t6*9=54\t\n",
      "7*1=7\t7*2=14\t7*3=21\t7*4=28\t7*5=35\t7*6=42\t7*7=49\t7*8=56\t7*9=63\t\n",
      "8*1=8\t8*2=16\t8*3=24\t8*4=32\t8*5=40\t8*6=48\t8*7=56\t8*8=64\t8*9=72\t\n",
      "9*1=9\t9*2=18\t9*3=27\t9*4=36\t9*5=45\t9*6=54\t9*7=63\t9*8=72\t9*9=81\t\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 9\n",
    "i = 1\n",
    "j = 1\n",
    "while i <= n:\n",
    "    while j <= n:\n",
    "        print(i, '*', j, '=', i* j, sep='', end='\\t')\n",
    "        j += 1\n",
    "    print(\"\")\n",
    "    j = 1\n",
    "    i += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 只印出99乘法表中，小於50的式子\n",
    "###  多加一行   if i*j < 50:  搞定"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1*1=1\t1*2=2\t1*3=3\t1*4=4\t1*5=5\t1*6=6\t1*7=7\t1*8=8\t1*9=9\t\n",
      "2*1=2\t2*2=4\t2*3=6\t2*4=8\t2*5=10\t2*6=12\t2*7=14\t2*8=16\t2*9=18\t\n",
      "3*1=3\t3*2=6\t3*3=9\t3*4=12\t3*5=15\t3*6=18\t3*7=21\t3*8=24\t3*9=27\t\n",
      "4*1=4\t4*2=8\t4*3=12\t4*4=16\t4*5=20\t4*6=24\t4*7=28\t4*8=32\t4*9=36\t\n",
      "5*1=5\t5*2=10\t5*3=15\t5*4=20\t5*5=25\t5*6=30\t5*7=35\t5*8=40\t5*9=45\t\n",
      "6*1=6\t6*2=12\t6*3=18\t6*4=24\t6*5=30\t6*6=36\t6*7=42\t6*8=48\t\n",
      "7*1=7\t7*2=14\t7*3=21\t7*4=28\t7*5=35\t7*6=42\t7*7=49\t\n",
      "8*1=8\t8*2=16\t8*3=24\t8*4=32\t8*5=40\t8*6=48\t\n",
      "9*1=9\t9*2=18\t9*3=27\t9*4=36\t9*5=45\t\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = 1\n",
    "j = 1\n",
    "while i <= 9:\n",
    "    while j <= 9:\n",
    "        if i*j < 50:\n",
    "            print(i, '*', j, '=', i* j, sep='', end='\\t')\n",
    "        j += 1\n",
    "    print(\"\")\n",
    "    j = 1\n",
    "    i += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 90,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1*1=1\t1*2=2\t1*3=3\t1*4=4\t1*5=5\t1*6=6\t1*7=7\t1*8=8\t1*9=9\t\n",
      "2*1=2\t2*2=4\t2*3=6\t2*4=8\t2*5=10\t2*6=12\t2*7=14\t2*8=16\t2*9=18\t\n",
      "3*1=3\t3*2=6\t3*3=9\t3*4=12\t3*5=15\t3*6=18\t3*7=21\t3*8=24\t3*9=27\t\n",
      "4*1=4\t4*2=8\t4*3=12\t4*4=16\t4*5=20\t4*6=24\t4*7=28\t4*8=32\t4*9=36\t\n",
      "5*1=5\t5*2=10\t5*3=15\t5*4=20\t5*5=25\t5*6=30\t5*7=35\t5*8=40\t5*9=45\t\n",
      "6*1=6\t6*2=12\t6*3=18\t6*4=24\t6*5=30\t6*6=36\t6*7=42\t6*8=48\t\n",
      "7*1=7\t7*2=14\t7*3=21\t7*4=28\t7*5=35\t7*6=42\t7*7=49\t\n",
      "8*1=8\t8*2=16\t8*3=24\t8*4=32\t8*5=40\t8*6=48\t\n",
      "9*1=9\t9*2=18\t9*3=27\t9*4=36\t9*5=45\t\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = 1\n",
    "j = 1\n",
    "while i <= 9:\n",
    "    while j <= 9:\n",
    "        if i*j > 50:\n",
    "            break\n",
    "        print(i, '*', j, '=', i* j, sep='', end='\\t')\n",
    "        j += 1\n",
    "    print('')\n",
    "    j = 1\n",
    "    i += 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/l7fP1s2.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/DsUGdS2.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 課堂練習(計分)\n",
    "## 用 nested while loop 印出\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/6Q76qol.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 如果覺得太簡單可以試試印出(不計分)\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/tQSS4g3.png)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 視窗炸彈\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/SMPmuKs.jpg)\n",
    "- 出處https://www.plurk.com/p/i2ircm"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 其實就只是個while loop"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 無窮迴圈 (infinite loop)\n",
    "### 聽起來好像很厲害!!  試試下面的程式碼\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/kaP2eoj.png)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 91,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Try it\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/U2wjGjE.png)\n",
    "\n",
    "## 若是使用 Terminal 請按Ctrl+c 強制停止"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 程式沒辦法結束 OAO\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/O1vGJH5.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 如何避免\n",
    "1. 使用迴圈時，確認迴圈會有結束的時候(變數起始值、累加、判斷..等)\n",
    "2. 使用 while True: 時，一定要有break，且確保會執行到break\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## for loop\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/sbYAYeq.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 語法\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/BbeSBkV.png)\n",
    "### iterable object : list、range、tuple、dictionary"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## range()\n",
    "* range(起始值(預設為0), 結束值(不包含), 間隔(預設為1))\n",
    "* 序列型別的一種\n",
    "* 大多被用在for迴圈\n",
    "\n",
    "### 提示：回想一下list的[ i : j : k]\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 92,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "range(1, 10)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 92,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "range(1, 10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 93,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "range"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 93,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(range(1, 10))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/R1Bs9FZ.gif)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 94,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(10):\n",
    "    print(i, end=' ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 95,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2 4 6 8 "
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(2, 10, 2):\n",
    "    print(i, end=' ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/YoK1f6m.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 從1加到100"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## for"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 96,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5050\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "total = 0\n",
    "for i in range(101):\n",
    "    total += i\n",
    "print(total)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## while "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 97,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5050\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 1\n",
    "total = 0\n",
    "while n <= 100:\n",
    "    total += n\n",
    "    n += 1\n",
    "print(total)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/nWmWgDC.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/ZA0HyxO.png)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## for with list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 98,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "apple banana grape watermelon "
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fruit = ['apple', 'banana', 'grape', 'watermelon']\n",
    "for i in fruit:\n",
    "    print(i, end=' ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 99,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2 3 5 7 11 "
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "prime = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11]\n",
    "for i in prime:\n",
    "    print(i, end=' ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## for with string"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 100,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "A\n",
      "p\n",
      "p\n",
      "l\n",
      "e\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fruit = 'Apple'\n",
    "for i in fruit:\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## break"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 101,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "990\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(1000,0,-1):\n",
    "    if (i % 11 == 0):\n",
    "        print(i)\n",
    "        break"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## continue"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 102,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0 is even.\n",
      "1 is odd.\n",
      "2 is even.\n",
      "3 is odd.\n",
      "4 is even.\n",
      "5 is odd.\n",
      "6 is even.\n",
      "7 is odd.\n",
      "8 is even.\n",
      "9 is odd.\n",
      "10 is even.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(0,11):\n",
    "    if(i % 2 == 0):\n",
    "        print(i, \"is even.\")\n",
    "        continue\n",
    "    print(i, \"is odd.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 找出list中的最大值"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 103,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "21\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = [10, 2, 8, 15, 21, 1]\n",
    "maximum = 0\n",
    "for i in a:\n",
    "    if maximum < i:\n",
    "        maximum = i\n",
    "print(maximum)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/I9U8rwI.gif)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 用for loop完成課堂練習二"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 104,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "A is in III\n",
      "B is in IV\n",
      "C is in I\n",
      "D is in II\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "A = [-1, -10]\n",
    "B = [5, -5]\n",
    "C = [1, 1]\n",
    "D = [-2, 3]\n",
    "dots = [\n",
    "    ['A', A], \n",
    "    ['B', B], \n",
    "    ['C', C], \n",
    "    ['D', D]\n",
    "]\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in dots:\n",
    "    print(i[0], \"is in\", end=' ')\n",
    "    if i[1][0] > 0 and i[1][1] > 0:\n",
    "        print(\"I\")\n",
    "    elif i[1][0] < 0 and i[1][1] > 0:\n",
    "        print(\"II\")\n",
    "    elif i[1][0] < 0 and i[1][1] < 0:\n",
    "        print(\"III\")\n",
    "    elif i[1][0] > 0 and i[1][1] < 0:\n",
    "        print(\"IV\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 巢狀迴圈(nested loop) - for\n",
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/NBjHHPD.gif)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 印出99乘法表"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 105,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1*1=1\t1*2=2\t1*3=3\t1*4=4\t1*5=5\t1*6=6\t1*7=7\t1*8=8\t1*9=9\t\n",
      "2*1=2\t2*2=4\t2*3=6\t2*4=8\t2*5=10\t2*6=12\t2*7=14\t2*8=16\t2*9=18\t\n",
      "3*1=3\t3*2=6\t3*3=9\t3*4=12\t3*5=15\t3*6=18\t3*7=21\t3*8=24\t3*9=27\t\n",
      "4*1=4\t4*2=8\t4*3=12\t4*4=16\t4*5=20\t4*6=24\t4*7=28\t4*8=32\t4*9=36\t\n",
      "5*1=5\t5*2=10\t5*3=15\t5*4=20\t5*5=25\t5*6=30\t5*7=35\t5*8=40\t5*9=45\t\n",
      "6*1=6\t6*2=12\t6*3=18\t6*4=24\t6*5=30\t6*6=36\t6*7=42\t6*8=48\t6*9=54\t\n",
      "7*1=7\t7*2=14\t7*3=21\t7*4=28\t7*5=35\t7*6=42\t7*7=49\t7*8=56\t7*9=63\t\n",
      "8*1=8\t8*2=16\t8*3=24\t8*4=32\t8*5=40\t8*6=48\t8*7=56\t8*8=64\t8*9=72\t\n",
      "9*1=9\t9*2=18\t9*3=27\t9*4=36\t9*5=45\t9*6=54\t9*7=63\t9*8=72\t9*9=81\t\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 10\n",
    "for i in range(1, n):\n",
    "    for j in range(1, n):\n",
    "        print(i, '*', j, '=', i* j, sep='', end='\\t')\n",
    "    print(\"\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/DtjPrjM.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/zjCG8SN.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/VrxDp70.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 106,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 3\n",
    "m = 3\n",
    "table = []\n",
    "for i in range(n):\n",
    "    table.append([0] * 3)\n",
    "print(table)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 107,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1]\n",
      "[1, [0, 0, 0]]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "empty = []\n",
    "empty.append(1)\n",
    "print(empty)\n",
    "\n",
    "empty.append([0] * 3)\n",
    "print(empty)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 108,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Initialize :  [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]\n",
      "[[1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0]]\n",
      "[[1, 2, 0], [1, 4, 0], [1, 8, 0]]\n",
      "[[1, 2, 3], [1, 4, 9], [1, 8, 27]]\n",
      "[[1, 2, 3], [1, 4, 9], [1, 8, 27]]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 3\n",
    "m = 3\n",
    "table = []\n",
    "for i in range(n):\n",
    "    table.append([0] * 3)\n",
    "print(\"Initialize : \",table)\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in range(n):\n",
    "    table[0][i] = i+1\n",
    "    table[1][i] = (i+1)**2\n",
    "    table[2][i] = (i+1)**3\n",
    "    print(table)\n",
    "print(table)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 把99乘法表的值存起來"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 109,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]\n",
      "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\n",
      "[2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18]\n",
      "[3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27]\n",
      "[4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36]\n",
      "[5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45]\n",
      "[6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54]\n",
      "[7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63]\n",
      "[8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72]\n",
      "[9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "n = 9\n",
    "m = 9\n",
    "mul_table = []\n",
    "for i in range(n):\n",
    "    mul_table.append([0] * m)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(mul_table)    \n",
    "\n",
    "for i in range(1, 10):\n",
    "    for j in range(1, 10):\n",
    "        mul_table[i-1][j-1] = i*j\n",
    "    print(mul_table[i-1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 課堂練習 - 用 for loop 印出50內的所有質數\n",
    "## 提示1：質數的因數只有自己與1\n",
    "## 提示2：雙層for loop"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 110,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Exercise"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 5.註解\n",
    "* 增加程式可讀性 － 對他人，甚至是之後的自己。\n",
    "* 方便除錯\n",
    "* 紀錄用法 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 111,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Out of comment\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# print(\"In single line comment\")\n",
    "print(\"Out of comment\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 112,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Out of comment\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "''' \n",
    "print(\"In multiple lines comment\")\n",
    "print(\"In multiple lines comment\")\n",
    "'''\n",
    "print(\"Out of comment\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 不好的使用註解方式"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 113,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = 1\n",
    "x = x + 1     # Increment x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# 正確的使用註解"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 114,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "50\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "bike_time = 5     # hr\n",
    "bike_speed = 10   # km/hr\n",
    "bike_distance = bike_time * bike_speed\n",
    "print(bike_distance)"
   ]
  }
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