Merge pull request #1629 from Jeehay28/main

[Jeehay28] WEEK 14 Solutions

Author: Jeehay28

binary-tree-level-order-traversal/Jeehay28.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+ class TreeNode {
+     val: number
+     left: TreeNode | null
+     right: TreeNode | null
+     constructor(val?: number, left?: TreeNode | null, right?: TreeNode | null) {
+         this.val = (val===undefined ? 0 : val)
+         this.left = (left===undefined ? null : left)
+         this.right = (right===undefined ? null : right)
+     }
+ }
+
+
+// TC: O(n)
+// SC: O(n)
+function levelOrder(root: TreeNode | null): number[][] {
+  if (!root) return [];
+
+  const result: number[][] = [];
+  const queue: TreeNode[] = [root];
+
+  while (queue.length > 0) {
+    const values: number[] = [];
+    const level = queue.length;
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < level; i++) {
+      const node = queue.shift()!;
+      values.push(node.val);
+
+      if (node.left) {
+        queue.push(node.left);
+      }
+
+      if (node.right) {
+        queue.push(node.right);
+      }
+    }
+
+    result.push(values);
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}

counting-bits/Jeehay28.ts

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+// TC: O(n)
+// SC: O(n)
+function countBits(n: number): number[] {
+  const dp: number[] = [];
+  dp[0] = 0;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
+    dp[i] = dp[i >> 1] + (i & 1);
+  }
+
+  // The number of 1s in the quotient (i >> 1) + number of 1s in the remainder (i & 1)
+  // dp[i >> 1]: number of 1's in Math.floor(i / 2)
+  // i & 1: 1 if i is odd, 0 if even
+
+  return dp;
+}
+

house-robber-ii/Jeehay28.ts

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+// TC: O(n)
+// SC: O(1)
+function rob(nums: number[]): number {
+  if (nums.length === 1) return nums[0];
+
+  const robHouse = (start: number, end: number) => {
+    let prevSum = 0;
+    let prevPrevSum = 0;
+
+    for (let i = start; i <= end; i++) {
+      const temp = Math.max(prevSum, prevPrevSum + nums[i]);
+      prevPrevSum = prevSum;
+      prevSum = temp;
+    }
+
+    return prevSum;
+  };
+
+  return Math.max(robHouse(0, nums.length - 2), robHouse(1, nums.length - 1));
+}

word-search-ii/Jeehay28.ts

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+// TC: O(K × L + M × N × 4^L)
+// SC: O(K × L + L)
+// K: num of words
+// L: length of the longest word
+
+function findWords(board: string[][], words: string[]): string[] {
+  const result: string[] = [];
+  const root: TrieNode = buildTrie(words);
+  const rows = board.length;
+  const cols = board[0].length;
+
+  function backtrack(row: number, col: number, node: TrieNode) {
+    const char = board[row][col];
+    const nextNode = node[char] as TrieNode;
+
+    if (!nextNode) return;
+
+    const word = nextNode["$"];
+    if (typeof word === "string") {
+      result.push(word);
+      delete nextNode["$"]; // avoid duplicate
+    }
+
+    board[row][col] = ""; // mark as visited
+
+    const directions = [
+      [1, 0],
+      [-1, 0],
+      [0, 1],
+      [0, -1],
+    ];
+
+    for (const [dx, dy] of directions) {
+      const newRow = row + dx;
+      const newCol = col + dy;
+
+      if (
+        newRow >= 0 &&
+        newRow < rows &&
+        newCol >= 0 &&
+        newCol < cols &&
+        board[newRow][newCol] !== "$"
+      ) {
+        backtrack(newRow, newCol, nextNode);
+      }
+    }
+
+    board[row][col] = char;
+  }
+
+  for (let r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
+    for (let c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
+      backtrack(r, c, root);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Trie
+// {
+//   "e": {
+//     "a": {
+//       "t": {
+//         "#": "eat"
+//       }
+//     }
+//   }
+// }
+
+type TrieNode = {
+  [key: string]: TrieNode | string;
+};
+
+function buildTrie(words: string[]): TrieNode {
+  const root: TrieNode = {};
+  for (const word of words) {
+    let node = root;
+    for (const char of word) {
+      if (!node[char]) node[char] = {};
+      node = node[char] as TrieNode;
+    }
+    node["$"] = word; // end of word
+  }
+  return root;
+}