diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yaml b/.github/workflows/build.yaml
index 41ba91bfed..6b39835f91 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yaml
@@ -12,6 +12,13 @@ on:
       - 'release-v*'
       - 'feat/*'
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
 env:
   GO_VERSION: 1.26.2
   NODE_VERSION: 20.19.0
@@ -20,6 +27,7 @@ env:
 jobs:
   go:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
@@ -31,6 +39,7 @@ jobs:
 
   plugin:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
@@ -41,6 +50,7 @@ jobs:
 
   web:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
@@ -63,6 +73,7 @@ jobs:
 
   chart:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/cherry_pick.yaml b/.github/workflows/cherry_pick.yaml
index e5ae63d044..7f5ddd7933 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/cherry_pick.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cherry_pick.yaml
@@ -11,9 +11,15 @@ on:
         description: 'release version (e.g. v0.48.1)'
         required: true
         type: string
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
 jobs:
   tool:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yaml b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yaml
index ff4148d535..95d2e9f41c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yaml
@@ -5,9 +5,15 @@ on:
   schedule:
     - cron: '00 10 * * 1'
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  security-events: write
+  actions: read
+
 jobs:
   analyze:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 120
 
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
diff --git a/.github/workflows/first-time-contributor.yaml b/.github/workflows/first-time-contributor.yaml
index cd5eba69c4..352bafc153 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/first-time-contributor.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/first-time-contributor.yaml
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ permissions:
 
 jobs:
   welcome:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 5
     steps:
       - name: Welcome first-time contributor
         uses: actions/github-script@v7
diff --git a/.github/workflows/gen.yaml b/.github/workflows/gen.yaml
index f689531942..074042f60d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/gen.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gen.yaml
@@ -4,9 +4,17 @@ on:
   pull_request:
     branches: [ master ]
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 jobs:
   code:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
       uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
diff --git a/.github/workflows/prerelease.yaml b/.github/workflows/prerelease.yaml
index 372c9fbcb6..020e0d7802 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/prerelease.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/prerelease.yaml
@@ -8,9 +8,13 @@ on:
     paths:
       - 'RELEASE'
 
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
 jobs:
   gh-release:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish_image_chart.yaml b/.github/workflows/publish_image_chart.yaml
index c16fe3057d..1b9388fabe 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/publish_image_chart.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish_image_chart.yaml
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ env:
 jobs:
   artifacts:
     runs-on: oracle-vm-8cpu-32gb-x86-64
+    timeout-minutes: 60
     permissions:
       contents: read
       packages: write
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yaml b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
index 7b7c1ed5c9..61281a93d0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
@@ -7,9 +7,15 @@ on:
         description: 'release version (e.g. v0.48.1)'
         required: true
         type: string
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
 jobs:
   tool:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/stale.yaml b/.github/workflows/stale.yaml
index 321a598289..2ed59aecc5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/stale.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/stale.yaml
@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
 name: close_stale_issues_and_PRs
+
 on:
   schedule:
     - cron: '0 0 * * *'
 
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
 jobs:
   stale:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
       - uses: actions/stale@v8
         with:
@@ -21,5 +27,4 @@ jobs:
           close-pr-message: 'This PR was closed because it has been stalled for 7 days with no activity. Feel free to reopen if still applicable.'
           days-before-pr-stale: 30
           days-before-pr-close: 7
-          delete-branch: true
-          exempt-pr-labels: 'not-auto-close'
\ No newline at end of file
+          exempt-pr-labels: 'not-auto-close'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yaml b/.github/workflows/test.yaml
index 33ed76433e..a96b2a90d9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yaml
@@ -11,9 +11,13 @@ on:
       - master
       - 'release-v*'
       - 'feat/*'
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
 env:
   GO_VERSION: 1.26.2
   NODE_VERSION: 20.19.0
@@ -97,6 +101,7 @@ jobs:
 
   integration:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
diff --git a/.github/workflows/thank-you.yaml b/.github/workflows/thank-you.yaml
index 782c4a68f4..1c8db8c797 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/thank-you.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/thank-you.yaml
@@ -11,13 +11,14 @@ permissions:
 
 jobs:
   thank-you:
-    # Only run if the PR was actually merged
-    if: github.event.pull_request.merged
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event.pull_request.merged == true
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 5
     steps:
-      # We must check out the code to read the MAINTAINERS.json file
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
 
       - name: Leave a Thank You Comment
         uses: actions/github-script@v7
@@ -26,29 +27,24 @@ jobs:
             const fs = require('fs');
             const creator = context.payload.pull_request.user.login;
             
-            // Skip bots to avoid comment loops
             if (creator.endsWith('[bot]')) {
               console.log('Skipping bot account.');
               return;
             }
 
-            // Read maintainers list from JSON file
             const maintainersData = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('MAINTAINERS.json', 'utf8'));
             const maintainers = maintainersData.maintainers.map(m => m.toLowerCase());
             
-            // Skip core maintainers to avoid spamming the team
             if (maintainers.includes(creator.toLowerCase())) {
               console.log(`Skipping maintainer account: ${creator}`);
               return;
             }
 
-            const message = 'Thank you for contributing to PipeCD! The changes in this pull request will be part of the upcoming release!';
+            const message = `Thank you for contributing to PipeCD, @${creator}! The changes in this pull request will be part of the upcoming release!`;
 
-            // Post the comment to the PR
             await github.rest.issues.createComment({
               owner: context.repo.owner,
               repo: context.repo.repo,
               issue_number: context.payload.pull_request.number,
               body: message
             });
-            
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/README.md b/docs/README.md
index 7624567e64..cc951bcb29 100644
--- a/docs/README.md
+++ b/docs/README.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Documentation
+# Documentation XYZ CHANGE FOR TESTING
 
 The source files for the documentation is placing in [content](https://github.com/pipe-cd/pipecd/tree/master/docs/content) directory.
 
diff --git a/workflow-audit/issues/maintenance-action-pinning-inconsistency.md b/workflow-audit/issues/maintenance-action-pinning-inconsistency.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..083ad217b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/workflow-audit/issues/maintenance-action-pinning-inconsistency.md
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Maintenance: Inconsistent action pinning across workflows
+
+## Problem
+
+The repo pins security-sensitive Docker actions to SHA (good) but leaves many other actions on mutable tags. Dependabot tracks `github-actions` weekly for version bumps but does not enforce SHA pinning.
+
+## Unpinned Actions (not SHA-pinned)
+
+| Action | Used in |
+|---|---|
+| `actions/setup-go@v3` | build.yaml, test.yaml, publish_binary.yaml, plugin_release.yaml, publish_pipedv1_exp.yaml |
+| `actions/setup-node@v3` | build.yaml, test.yaml, publish_site.yaml |
+| `azure/setup-helm@v4` | build.yaml, lint.yaml, publish_image_chart.yaml, publish_site.yaml, publish_pipedv1_exp.yaml |
+| `actions/labeler@v4` | labeler.yaml |
+| `actions/stale@v8` | stale.yaml |
+| `actions/github-script@v7` | first-time-contributor.yaml, thank-you.yaml |
+| `codecov/codecov-action@v3` | test.yaml |
+| `pipe-cd/actions-gh-release@v2.6.0` | prerelease.yaml |
+| `github/codeql-action/*@v3` | codeql-analysis.yaml |
+| `peter-evans/create-pull-request@v6` | release.yaml, publish_image_chart.yaml, publish_pipedv1_exp.yaml |
+| `actions/checkout@v4` | thank-you.yaml (all others are SHA-pinned) |
+
+## Priority
+
+Highest risk: `ca-dp/code-butler@v1` (see separate security issue), `codecov/codecov-action`, `peter-evans/create-pull-request`.
+Lower risk: GitHub-owned actions (`setup-go`, `setup-node`, `labeler`, `stale`) where Dependabot provides version tracking.
diff --git a/workflow-audit/issues/maintenance-missing-concurrency-controls.md b/workflow-audit/issues/maintenance-missing-concurrency-controls.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d8652bee1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/workflow-audit/issues/maintenance-missing-concurrency-controls.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Maintenance: build.yaml and gen.yaml are missing concurrency controls
+
+**Files:** `.github/workflows/build.yaml`, `.github/workflows/gen.yaml`
+
+## Problem
+
+`lint.yaml` and `test.yaml` both use the concurrency pattern:
+
+```yaml
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+```
+
+`build.yaml` and `gen.yaml` do not. On active PRs with multiple pushes, stale build and codegen-validation jobs queue up and waste CI minutes. On push to master the cancel-in-progress is false so those runs complete safely.
+
+## Fix
+
+Add the same `concurrency:` block to `build.yaml` and `gen.yaml`.
diff --git a/workflow-audit/issues/maintenance-missing-timeouts.md b/workflow-audit/issues/maintenance-missing-timeouts.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d0b06ec18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/workflow-audit/issues/maintenance-missing-timeouts.md
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Maintenance: Several workflows and jobs are missing timeout-minutes
+
+**Files:** `build.yaml`, `test.yaml` (integration), `codeql-analysis.yaml`, `gen.yaml`, `publish_image_chart.yaml` (artifacts job), `release.yaml`, `stale.yaml`, `prerelease.yaml`
+
+## Problem
+
+Jobs with no `timeout-minutes` can hang indefinitely. On self-hosted runners (`oracle-vm-8cpu-32gb-x86-64`) this is especially dangerous — a hung Docker build holds the runner and blocks all subsequent jobs.
+
+`build_tool.yaml` uses `timeout-minutes: 15` and `publish_tool.yaml` uses `timeout-minutes: 30` — these are the right reference points.
+
+## Recommended Timeouts
+
+| Job | Suggested timeout |
+|---|---|
+| `build.yaml` go/plugin/web/chart | 30 minutes |
+| `test.yaml` integration | 60 minutes |
+| `codeql-analysis.yaml` analyze | 120 minutes |
+| `publish_image_chart.yaml` artifacts | 60 minutes |
+| `gen.yaml` code | 15 minutes |
+| `release.yaml` tool | 15 minutes |
+| `stale.yaml` stale | 10 minutes |
+| `prerelease.yaml` gh-release | 10 minutes |
diff --git a/workflow-audit/issues/security-missing-permissions-declarations.md b/workflow-audit/issues/security-missing-permissions-declarations.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2dfdc2f70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/workflow-audit/issues/security-missing-permissions-declarations.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Security: Multiple workflows missing explicit permissions declarations
+
+**Files:** `cherry_pick.yaml`, `codeql-analysis.yaml`, `stale.yaml`, `release.yaml`, `build.yaml`, `test.yaml`
+
+## Problem
+
+Workflows without explicit `permissions:` blocks inherit the repository-level default, which may be `contents: write` in some configurations. This violates the principle of least privilege and makes the security posture dependent on a repo setting rather than workflow intent.
+
+Most critically: `codeql-analysis.yaml` is missing `security-events: write`, which is **required** for CodeQL to upload SARIF results to the Security tab. Without it, the scan runs every Monday but findings may be silently discarded.
+
+## Required Permissions per Workflow
+
+| Workflow | Minimum permissions needed |
+|---|---|
+| `codeql-analysis.yaml` | `contents: read`, `security-events: write`, `actions: read` |
+| `stale.yaml` | `issues: write`, `pull-requests: write` |
+| `cherry_pick.yaml` | `contents: write`, `pull-requests: write` |
+| `release.yaml` | `contents: write`, `pull-requests: write` |
+| `build.yaml` | `contents: read` |
+| `test.yaml` | `contents: read` |