diff --git a/backend/README.md b/backend/README.md
index 6a06a16..00d4549 100644
--- a/backend/README.md
+++ b/backend/README.md
@@ -151,7 +151,12 @@ python app.py        # http://0.0.0.0:5001 （debug + 自动重载）
 
 启动时自动：建表 → 轻量迁移 → 写种子（默认账号 admin/admin123、tiger/123456；RBAC 菜单；示例模型）。
 
-健康检查：`GET http://127.0.0.1:5001/api/health` → `{"code":0,"message":"ok"}`。
+健康检查：`GET http://127.0.0.1:5001/api/health` → 返回 `{"status":"ok","code":0,"message":"ok"}`（HTTP 200，不加载任何重模型 / 推理库）。
+
+```bash
+curl http://127.0.0.1:5001/api/health
+# {"status":"ok","code":0,"message":"ok"}
+```
 
 单独初始化种子（可选）：`python seed.py`。
 
diff --git a/backend/app.py b/backend/app.py
index e1b8b95..f1433af 100644
--- a/backend/app.py
+++ b/backend/app.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def create_app():
 
     @app.get("/api/health")
     def health():
-        return jsonify(code=0, message="ok")
+        return jsonify(status="ok", code=0, message="ok")
 
     # JWT 异常 -> 统一 JSON
     @jwt.unauthorized_loader
diff --git a/backend/unittests/test_health.py b/backend/unittests/test_health.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fc8652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/unittests/test_health.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"""GET /api/health 健康检查接口单测（不加载重模型 / 不依赖 MySQL）。
+
+import app 会连带导入 routes（cv2/numpy/inference 等重依赖），这里在导入前
+用空壳模块占位，并把数据库指向 sqlite 内存库，避免拉起 MySQL / 推理栈。
+"""
+import sys
+import types
+
+for _heavy in ("cv2", "numpy", "inference", "ultralytics", "torch", "pymysql"):
+    if _heavy not in sys.modules:
+        sys.modules[_heavy] = types.ModuleType(_heavy)
+
+import config
+
+config.Config.SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "sqlite://"
+
+from app import app as app  # noqa: E402,F401  模块级 create_app() 已在此执行
+
+app.config["TESTING"] = True
+client = app.test_client()
+
+
+def test_health_returns_200_and_status_ok():
+    resp = client.get("/api/health")
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+    payload = resp.get_json()
+    assert payload is not None
+    assert payload["status"] == "ok"
+
+
+def test_health_keeps_legacy_fields():
+    resp = client.get("/api/health")
+    payload = resp.get_json()
+    assert payload["code"] == 0
+    assert payload["message"] == "ok"
+
+
+def test_health_content_type_json():
+    resp = client.get("/api/health")
+    assert resp.content_type.startswith("application/json")